New Releases by Jean Meslier

Pubblicato postumo nella Francia della metà del Settecento, Testamento di Jean Meslier è uno dei frutti più radicali dell’illuminismo. E se la vita del suo misterioso autore, ritenuto dal filosofo Michel Onfray “curato ateo, per di più rivoluzionario comunista e internazionalista, materialista integrale, edonista convinto, collerico patentato, vendicativo, bestemmiatore anticristiano, ma anche, e soprattutto, filosofo nel senso pieno e nobile del termine”, appare priva di eventi straordinari, davvero straordinaria è invece l’appassionata ed eversiva requisitoria della sua opera. Nel testamento spirituale del miscredente parroco di Etrépigny, infatti, Meslier non esita a esporre i fondamenti di una filosofia materialista e ateistica, invitando alla ribellione contro le strutture oppressive della società. La complicità tra il potere religioso e la società civile viene messa alla berlina, suggerendo che l’umanità debba liberarsi dalle catene imposte dalle autorità. Eppure, nonostante le invettive, nella dottrina atea di Meslier sono presenti i principi del cristianesimo primitivo, quelli dell’uguaglianza e della comunità dei beni; ci sono, insomma, gli elementi essenziali del messaggio evangelico sia pure nell’interpretazione più rivoluzionaria.

"Jean Meslier, born 1678, in the village of Mazerny, dependency of the duchy of Rethel, was the son of a serge weaver; brought up in the country, he nevertheless pursued his studies and succeeded to the priesthood. At the seminary, where he lived with much regularity, he devoted himself to the system of Descartes. Becoming curate of Etrepigny in Champagne and vicar of a little annexed parish named Bue, he was remarkable for the austerity of his habits. Devoted in all his duties, every year he gave what remained of his salary to the poor of his parishes; enthusiastic, and of rigid virtue, he was very temperate, as much in regard to his appetite as in relation to women. MM. Voiri and Delavaux, the one curate of Varq, the other curate of Boulzicourt, were his confessors, and the only ones with whom he associated. The curate Meslier was a rigid partisan of justice, and sometimes carried his zeal a little too far. The lord of his village, M. de Touilly, having ill-treated some peasants, he refused to pray for him in his service. M. de Mailly, Archbishop of Rheims, before whom the case was brought, condemned him. But the Sunday which followed this decision, the abbot Meslier stood in his pulpit and complained of the sentence of the cardinal. "This is," said he, "the general fate of the poor country priest; the archbishops, who are great lords, scorn them and do not listen to them. Therefore, let us pray for the lord of this place. We will pray for Antoine de Touilly, that he may be converted and granted the grace that he may not wrong the poor and despoil the orphans." His lordship, who was present at this mortifying supplication, brought new complaints before the same archbishop, who ordered the curate Meslier to come to Donchery, where he ill-treated him with abusive language. There have been scarcely any other events in his life, nor other benefice, than that of Etrepigny. He died in the odor of sanctity in the year 1733, fifty-five years old. It is believed that, disgusted with life, he expressly refused necessary food, because during his sickness he was not willing to take anything, not even a glass of wine."

LIFE OF JEAN MESLIER BY VOLTAIRE. Jean Meslier, born 1678, in the village of Mazerny, dependency of the duchy of Rethel, was the son of a serge weaver; brought up in the country, he nevertheless pursued his studies and succeeded to the priesthood. At the seminary, where he lived with much regularity, he devoted himself to the system of Descartes. Becoming curate of Etrepigny in Champagne and vicar of a little annexed parish named Bue, he was remarkable for the austerity of his habits. Devoted in all his duties, every year he gave what remained of his salary to the poor of his parishes; enthusiastic, and of rigid virtue, he was very temperate, as much in regard to his appetite as in relation to women. MM. Voiri and Delavaux, the one curate of Varq, the other curate of Boulzicourt, were his confessors, and the only ones with whom he associated. The curate Meslier was a rigid partisan of justice, and sometimes carried his zeal a little too far. The lord of his village, M. de Touilly, having ill-treated some peasants, he refused to pray for him in his service. M. de Mailly, Archbishop of Rheims, before whom the case was brought, condemned him. But the Sunday which followed this decision, the abbot Meslier stood in his pulpit and complained of the sentence of the cardinal. "This is," said he, "the general fate of the poor country priest; the archbishops, who are great lords, scorn them and do not listen to them. Therefore, let us pray for the lord of this place. We will pray for Antoine de Touilly, that he may be converted and granted the grace that he may not wrong the poor and despoil the orphans." His lordship, who was present at this mortifying supplication, brought new complaints before the same archbishop, who ordered the curate Meslier to come to Donchery, where he ill-treated him with abusive language.....

A forerunner of later critiques of religion, a methodical deconstruction of Christianity and the governments that support it, "Testament" defends the human rights of liberty, equality, and pursuit of happiness. Now translated in English for the first time.

Quand le curé d'Etrépigny meurt en 1729, il a recopié en trois exemplaires un message destiné à ses paroissiens, copieuse somme philosophique distribuée en huit " Preuves de la vanité et de la fausseté des religions ", qui débouche sur une virulente critique sociale et politique. C'est le vécu, l'insertion durant trente ans dans un petit village de Champagne, et une réflexion assidue, méticuleuse, qui ont alimenté la réflexion de Jean Meslier, donnant profondeur et originalité à cet homme discret et isolé mais précurseur des bouleversements révolutionnaires qui vont suivre, et qu'il annonce. Son message restera un temps occulté. Des trois volumineux manuscrits et des douze copies retrouvées depuis dans des bibliothèques privées, seuls seront connus des extraits centrés sur sa critique exégétique, bientôt truffés de commentaires adventices, voire même de passages d'œuvres du baron d'Holbach. Pourtant, plus de cent exemplaires manuscrits circulent lorsque Voltaire, alerté dès 1735 sur ce " curé de village aussi philosophe que Locke ", publie en 1762 un Extrait des sentiments de Jean Meslier, bientôt appelé Testament du curé Meslier. Mais Voltaire donnant à la pensée de Meslier un tour déiste, l'émascule gravement. Nous reproduisons l'intégralité du Mémoire tel qu'il figure sur l'un des trois manuscrits originaux conservés, à l'exclusion de toute copie ou édition fragmentaire. Toutefois, considérant le combat du curé Meslier comme actuel nous avons actualisé l'orthographe et la ponctuation, devenues aujourd'hui obsolètes et parfois indéchiffrables. L'édition intégrale de cet ouvrage exceptionnel, unique, souhaite rendre justice au courage intellectuel et à la puissance visionnaire de cet humble curé, premier écrivain ouvertement athée de notre histoire.