New Releases by David Goodwin

Dixon and his colleagues provide a behaviorist perspective on governance. Their concern is with the governed's responses to those who seek to govern them-their governors-and the counter responses that they induce from the governors. They take as axiomatic that the governed are not a homogenized and amorphus them in the them-us dichotomy, reduced to what Carlyle called a dead logic formula, thereby, for the purpose of this analysis, leave begging all the relevant questions. The governed are not a disembodied abstraction; they are an aggregate of men and women of flesh and blood. In a corporation, they are corporate directors (whose governors are those who own or, perhaps, have a stake in that corporation), corporate managers (whose governors are the corporate directors), corporate employees (whose governors are the corporate managers). In a society, they are individuals or groups of individuals, perhaps in corporations, located within its jurisdiction (whose governors are the members of societal politial and administrative elites). At the global level, they are individuals or groups of individuals in countries and corporations within the jurisdiction of international governmental organizations and international regimes (whose governors are those who seek to control those global governance mechanisms). Whether the governed's response to their governors' processs is one of compliance or antagonism, and how the governors response to any antagoism, has implications for governance capacity, good governance, and governability. A provocative study that will be of interest to students and scholars of political theory, international relations, and management and organizational theory as well as those who are concerned with issues of goverance at all levels, corporate, societal,and global.

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this critical analysis was to investigate the existing literature to determine whether continuous passive motion (CPM) is an effective intervention following a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The variables that were examined included range of motion (ROM), pain, postoperative complications, and length of stay (LOS), and most efficacious protocol. SUBJECTS: Twenty articles were reviewed to determine the effectiveness of CPM as an intervention following a TKA. Inclusion criteria included: the use of CPM, mean subject age 50 years or older, heterogeneous sample, a primary source, and utilization of a control group. In addition, three of the following needed to be met: measures ROM, measures pain, measures postoperative complication, and LOS. METHODS: A research organizer was utilized to determine whether a particular article met the specified, predetermined criteria. Following the selection of articles, descriptive statistics were generated to determine the outcomes of pain, ROM, LOS, and postoperative complications in patients utilizing CPM versus a control group. A database was created using Microsoft Access to organize the information from each article in a user-friendly manner. Tables were created, queries were run, and reports were formed to display the information. Effect size was calculated to measure the magnitude of differences between sample means. RESULTS: Sixteen of the twenty articles reviewed measured knee ROM with six reporting statistically significant results in knee excursion at discharge. Eleven articles measured pain as an impairment level variable. Three articles found statistically significant results indicating that the CPM group needed less pain relief through analgesic use. Seventeen articles measured the incidence of postoperative complications. Four reported statistically significant results, indicating that patients who received CPM had a lower incidence of postoperative complications. A statistically significant shorter LOS in the CPM group was reported in four of the articles reviewed. Effect size was negligible for all variables in all of the articles. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results suggest that CPM is an effective intervention immediately following a TKA. However, CPM may not be effective in restoring ROM after discharge. In addition, CPM has negligible effects on pain, postoperative complications, and LOS when compared to a control group. Due to the conflicting results, no efficacious protocol was determined in this research study. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of CPM following a TKA to determine the benefits of this intervention.