Most Popular Books by Jonathan Thomas

The San Andreas fault system is distributed across hundreds of kilometers in southern California. This transform system includes offshore faults along the shelf, slope and across the Gulf of Santa Catalina basin (GSCB) - comprising part of the Inner California Continental Borderland. Previously, offshore faults have been interpreted as being discontinuous and striking parallel to the coast between Long Beach and San Diego. Our work, based on several thousand kilometers of deep-penetration industry multi-channel seismic reflection data (MCS) as well as high resolution U.S. Geological Survey MCS, indicates that many of the offshore faults are more geometrically continuous than previously reported including Newport-Inglewood (NI)-San Mateo-Carlsbad(SMC), and Coronado Bank Detachment(CBD)-Descanso faults. We interpret a ~18 km wide step over from the NI-SMC positive flower structure in the north to the CBD-Descanso negative flower structure in the south adjacent to San Diego. These faults and stratigraphic interpretations were gridded and depth converted for modeling slip amounts and orientation on the San Mateo-Carlsbad fault. Stratigraphic interpretations of MCS profiles included the ca. 1.8 Ma Top Lower Pico (TLP), which was correlated from wells located offshore Long Beach (Sorlien et al 2010). Based on this age constraint, four younger (Late) Quaternary unconformities (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4) are interpreted through much of GSCB. We correlate the Q horizons to core hole data in Los Angeles harbor and constrain their ages: Q1 is 160-300; ka Q2 is 300 ka; Q3 300-450 ka; and Q4 ~600 ka. These ages are an order of magnitude older than interpretations published by Covault and Romans (2009). Assuming the ages that were used to calculate slip are correct, we estimate an average slip rate of ~0.44mm/yr on the San Mateo-Carlsbad with an average azimuth direction of 169° which is significantly less than when calculated with younger interpreted ages and indicates that the SMC fault is a right-lateral strike-slip fault. Our modeling also indicates that the SMC fault is kinematically continuous with a right stepover at its southern extent. This change in SMC strike marks a boundary between transpression in the north and transtension in the south and is significant to understanding future tectonic episodes.

With so many students attending summer programs, it is remarkable that there is little research available aiming to investigate achievement differences in participants versus non-participants. This study examined the place of a summer program within a school district budget and curriculum. The study was designed to better understand the achievement gains, or lack thereof, of students who were invited to a summer program in one Northeast school district. The research design attempted to provide a better understanding of how the summer program impacted reading achievement of students who attended the program. The study compared the reading achievement of students who attended the summer program to the reading achievement of students who were invited to the summer program, but did not attend. The results of the study revealed there was a statistical difference in the test scores of the students who attended the summer reading program compared to those that did not attend. That statistical difference showed that students who attended the program scored higher on the formative reading assessments than did students who did not attend the program during the October assessment. Also, it was discovered that students who attended the summer reading program maintained their difference in reading achievement level over the course of the school year, in between October and May. It was concluded that attending the summer reading program set forth a difference in reading achievement that was maintained throughout the school.

According to the Labour Force Survey, about 20% (approximately 7.5 million) of the non-student working-age population were not in paid employment in 2002. Of these people about one in five were classified as unemployed, with the remainder labelled as ''inactive.'' Despite this categorisation, however, some groups in the so-called inactive population are as likely to move into employment as those classified as unemployed, so any comprehensive measure of labour availability needs to incorporate information on the characteristics of the non-employed pool as a whole. This paper describes the key trends in the demographic and skill structure of the non-employed population since the mid-1980s and contrasts them with those in employment. It also attempts to draw out the implications of these trends for overall labour availability, building on recent Bank research which models individual transition rates from non-employment into employment.