New Releases by Cass R Sunstein

Constitutional Law : 2015 Supplement

Our ability to make choices is fundamental to our sense of ourselves as human beings, and essential to the political values of freedom-protecting nations. Whom we love; where we work; how we spend our time; what we buy; such choices define us in the eyes of ourselves and others, and much blood and ink has been spilt to establish and protect our rights to make them freely. Choice can also be a burden. Our cognitive capacity to research and make the best decisions is limited, so every active choice comes at a cost. In modern life the requirement to make active choices can often be overwhelming. So, across broad areas of our lives, from health plans to energy suppliers, many of us choose not to choose. By following our default options, we save ourselves the costs of making active choices. By setting those options, governments and corporations dictate the outcomes for when we decide by default. This is among the most significant ways in which they effect social change, yet we are just beginning to understand the power and impact of default rules. Many central questions remain unanswered: When should governments set such defaults, and when should they insist on active choices? How should such defaults be made? What makes some defaults successful while others fail? Cass R. Sunstein has long been at the forefront of developing public policy and regulation to use government power to encourage people to make better decisions. In this major new book, Choosing Not to Choose, he presents his most complete argument yet for how we should understand the value of choice, and when and how we should enable people to choose not to choose. The onset of big data gives corporations and governments the power to make ever more sophisticated decisions on our behalf, defaulting us to buy the goods we predictably want, or vote for the parties and policies we predictably support. As consumers we are starting to embrace the benefits this can bring. But should we? What will be the long-term effects of limiting our active choices on our agency? And can such personalized defaults be imported from the marketplace to politics and the law? Confronting the challenging future of data-driven decision-making, Sunstein presents a manifesto for how personalized defaults should be used to enhance, rather than restrict, our freedom and well-being.

In this groundbreaking book, eminent legal scholar Cass Sunstein argues that in every era, constitutional debates are, in fact, contests between four different types of ''Constitutional Personae'' - Heroes, Soldiers, Minimalists, and Mutes.

“Clear explanations and concrete examples of how the behavioral orientation in economics can contribute to the world of cost/benefit policy formulation.” —Choice The White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) is the United States’ regulatory overseer. In Valuing Life, New York Times–bestselling author and legal scholar Cass R. Sunstein draws on his firsthand experience as the Administrator of OIRA from 2009 to 2012 to argue that we can humanize regulation—and save lives in the process. As OIRA Administrator, he helped oversee regulation in a broad variety of areas, including highway safety, health care, homeland security, immigration, energy, environmental protection, and education. This background allows him to describe OIRA and how it works—and how it can work better—from an on-the-ground perspective. Using real-world examples, Sunstein makes a compelling case for improving cost-benefit analysis, a longtime cornerstone of regulatory decision-making, and for taking account of variables that are hard to quantify, such as dignity and personal privacy. He also shows how regulatory decisions about health, safety, and life itself can benefit from behavioral and psychological research, including new findings about what scares us, and what does not. By better accounting for people’s fallibility, he argues, we can create regulation that is at once more human and more likely to achieve its goals. In this highly readable synthesis of insights from law, policy, economics, and psychology, Sunstein breaks down the intricacies of the regulatory system and offers a new way of thinking about regulation that incorporates human dignity—and an insistent focus on the consequences of our choices. “What happens when the world’s leading academic expert on regulation is plunked into the real world of government? . . . Valuing Life describes both how Sunstein’s ideas about regulation influenced his tenure in government, and how his experiences in government have influenced his ideas about regulation. This immensely rewarding book . . . should be read by everyone who cares about how our government works.” —Eric A. Posner, coauthor of Radical Markets

Based on a series of pathbreaking lectures given at Yale University in 2012, this powerful, thought-provoking work by national best-selling author Cass R. Sunstein combines legal theory with behavioral economics to make a fresh argument about the legitimate scope of government, bearing on obesity, smoking, distracted driving, health care, food safety, and other highly volatile, high-profile public issues. Behavioral economists have established that people often make decisions that run counter to their best interests—producing what Sunstein describes as “behavioral market failures.” Sometimes we disregard the long term; sometimes we are unrealistically optimistic; sometimes we do not see what is in front of us. With this evidence in mind, Sunstein argues for a new form of paternalism, one that protects people against serious errors but also recognizes the risk of government overreaching and usually preserves freedom of choice. Against those who reject paternalism of any kind, Sunstein shows that “choice architecture”—government-imposed structures that affect our choices—is inevitable, and hence that a form of paternalism cannot be avoided. He urges that there are profoundly moral reasons to ensure that choice architecture is helpful rather than harmful—and that it makes people’s lives better and longer.

The most controversial essays from the bestselling author once called the most dangerous man in America—collected for the first time. The nation’s most-cited legal scholar who for decades has been at the forefront of applied behavioral economics, and the bestselling author of Nudge and Simpler, Cass Sunstein is one of the world’s most innovative thinkers in the academy and the world of practical politics. In the years leading up to his confirmation as the administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA), Sunstein published hundreds of articles on everything from same-sex marriage to cost-benefit analysis. Conspiracy Theories and Other Dangerous Ideas is a collection of his most famous, insightful, relevant, and inflammatory pieces. Within these pages you will learn: • Why perfectly rational people sometimes believe crazy conspiracy theories • What wealthy countries should and should not do about climate change • Why governments should allow same-sex marriage, and what the “right to marry” is all about • Why animals have rights (and what that means) • Why we “misfear,” meaning get scared when we should be unconcerned and are unconcerned when we should get scared • What kinds of losses make us miserable, and what kinds of losses are absolutely fine • How to find the balance between religious freedom and gender equality • And much more... Cass Sunstein is a unique, controversial, and exciting voice in the political world. A man who cuts through the fog of left vs. right arguments and offers logical, evidence-based, and often surprising solutions to today’s most challenging questions.

Many of us are being misled. Claiming to know dark secrets about public officials, hidden causes of the current economic situation, and nefarious plans and plots, those who spread rumors know precisely what they are doing. And in the era of social media and the Internet, they know a lot about how to manipulate the mechanics of false rumors—social cascades, group polarization, and biased assimilation. They also know that the presumed correctives—publishing balanced information, issuing corrections, and trusting the marketplace of ideas—do not always work. All of us are vulnerable. In On Rumors, Cass Sunstein uses examples from the real world and from behavioral studies to explain why certain rumors spread like wildfire, what their consequences are, and what we can do to avoid being misled. In a new afterword, he revisits his arguments in light of his time working in the Obama administration.

In How to Humble a Wingnut, leading constitutional scholar, behavioral economist, and former Administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs Cass R. Sunstein examines the unconventional impetuses behind human decision-making. Why it is that people often choose to behave so strangely? Sunstein’s incisive commentaries point to recent empirical findings to demonstrate how and why people convince themselves they are right despite evidence to the contrary; fear dangers they are unlikely to encounter; and ignore real risks. Mining developments in recent behavioral studies for tips on everything from holiday shopping and political biases to staying healthy and clear thinking in general, Sunstein nudges his reader towards that rarest of grounds—understanding.

Cass Sunstein, for three years President Obama''s "regulatory czar" heading the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, oversaw a far-reaching restructuring of America''s regulatory state. In this book he pulls back the curtain to show what was done, why Americans are better off as a result, and what the future has in store.

Comment naissent les rumeurs ? Pourquoi y croyons-nous, souvent sans nous en rendre compte ? Et quelles en sont les conséquences pour la protection de la personnalité ? Le développement de l''internet remet ces questions à l''ordre du jour. Le juriste et politologue américain Cass R Sunstein décrit et analyse dans son ouvrage Anatomie de la rumeur les mécanismes psychologiques diverses qui permettent aux rumeurs de circuler. Nous savons que les propagateurs initiaux de rumeurs n''ignorent normalement ni l''art de la manipulation, ni les faiblesses de la loi. Et pourtant, nous sommes tous susceptibles d''accepter des informations fausses et douteuses. Sunstein dévoile le rôle des convictions antécédentes, du conformisme et de l''appartenance aux groupes qui nous rendent crédules à notre insu. Souvent nuisibles, les rumeurs peuvent ruiner la réputation des personnes visées. Comment pouvons-nous nous protéger contre la calomnie et la diffamation tout en préservant la liberté de la parole ? Sunstein propose des saufgardes légales qui sont tout aussi pertinents en Europe qu''elles le sont aux Etats-Unis.

Cómo se difunden falsedades en la era de Internet, por qué nos las creemos y qué se puede hacer. ¿Por qué los seres humanos aceptan los rumores, incluso si son falsos, destructivos o estrambóticos? ¿Por qué la misma historia que viaja por Internet tiene credibilidad entre un grupo de personas, mientras que otros la consideran absurda? ¿Qué podemos hacer para protegernos de los efectos perniciosos de los rumores falsos? Los rumores son tan antiguos como la historia humana; siempre hemos vivido rodeados de ellos o incluso sufrido sus consecuencias. Del mismo modo que a través del conocimiento de otros sabemos que la tierra no es plana o que la materia se compone de átomos, los rumores se propagan entre todo tipo de personas -sensatas, razonables, de izquierdas o derechas-, y están ligados a sus deseos y temores. El derecho de los ciudadanos a decir lo que piensan constituye uno de los pilares de los sistemas democráticos en que vivimos, y sin embargo, en la era de Internet, donde uno de estos bulos puede crecer exponencialmente en tan solo unas horas, es fundamental proteger a las posibles víctimas de comportamientos maldicientes. Ayudado por ejemplos de la vida real y estudios de la conducta, Sunstein aborda la compleja tarea de analizar los mecanismos que alimentan los rumores para tratar de encontrar ese equilibrio indispensable entre la necesidad de protegernos de ellos y la salvaguarda de derechos como la libertad de prensa y opinión, y así evitar que la era de la información termine convirtiéndose en la era de la desinformación.

To ensure that you have the most up-to-date and complete materials for your Administrative Law class, be sure to use Administrative Law and Regulatory Policy: 2009-2010 Supplement . New cases include: Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper, Inc. Federal Express Corp. v. Holowecki Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations, Inc.

Nuclear bombs in suitcases, anthrax bacilli in ventilators, tsunamis and meteors, avian flu, scorchingly hot temperatures: nightmares that were once the plot of Hollywood movies are now frighteningly real possibilities. How can we steer a path between willful inaction and reckless overreaction? Cass Sunstein explores these and other worst-case scenarios and how we might best prevent them in this vivid, illuminating, and highly original analysis. Singling out the problems of terrorism and climate change, Sunstein explores our susceptibility to two opposite and unhelpful reactions: panic and utter neglect. He shows how private individuals and public officials might best respond to low-probability risks of disaster—emphasizing the need to know what we will lose from precautions as well as from inaction. Finally, he offers an understanding of the uses and limits of cost–benefit analysis, especially when current generations are imposing risks on future generations. Throughout, Sunstein uses climate change as a defining case, because it dramatically illustrates the underlying principles. But he also discusses terrorism, depletion of the ozone layer, genetic modification of food, hurricanes, and worst-case scenarios faced in our ordinary lives. Sunstein concludes that if we can avoid the twin dangers of overreaction and apathy, we will be able to ameliorate if not avoid future catastrophes, retaining our sanity as well as scarce resources that can be devoted to more constructive ends.

The future of the U.S. Supreme Court hangs in the balance like never before. Will conservatives or liberals succeed in remaking the court in their own image? In A Constitution of Many Minds, acclaimed law scholar Cass Sunstein proposes a bold new way of interpreting the Constitution, one that respects the Constitution''s text and history but also refuses to view the document as frozen in time. Exploring hot-button issues ranging from presidential power to same-sex relations to gun rights, Sunstein shows how the meaning of the Constitution is reestablished in every generation as new social commitments and ideas compel us to reassess our fundamental beliefs. He focuses on three approaches to the Constitution--traditionalism, which grounds the document''s meaning in long-standing social practices, not necessarily in the views of the founding generation; populism, which insists that judges should respect contemporary public opinion; and cosmopolitanism, which looks at how foreign courts address constitutional questions, and which suggests that the meaning of the Constitution turns on what other nations do. Sunstein demonstrates that in all three contexts a "many minds" argument is at work--put simply, better decisions result when many points of view are considered. He makes sense of the intense debates surrounding these approaches, revealing their strengths and weaknesses, and sketches the contexts in which each provides a legitimate basis for interpreting the Constitution today. This book illuminates the underpinnings of constitutionalism itself, and shows that ours is indeed a Constitution, not of any particular generation, but of many minds.

"In Going to Extremes, renowned legal scholar and best-selling author Cass R. Sunstein offers startling insights into why and when people gravitate toward extremism."--Inside jacket.

¿Cuál es la relación entre el miedo, el peligro y la ley? Cass Sunstein aborda en esta obra el principio de precaución, cuya influencia es cada vez mayor: la idea de que las autoridades que se ocupan de las políticas de regulación deberían tomar medidas contra posibles daños, aun cuando las cadenas causales sean inciertas y no sepamos si es probable que los daños se concretarán. El autor, que se ocupó de problemas tales como el calentamiento global, el terrorismo, el DDT y la ingeniería genética, sostiene que el principio de precaución es incoherente. Los riesgos existen en todas las situaciones sociales y las medidas de precaución crean a su vez sus propios peligros. A menudo las distintas culturas se concentran en riesgos muy diferentes porque las influencias y las presiones sociales llevan a acentuar algunos miedos y a minimizar otros. En lugar de adoptar el principio de precaución, Sunstein propone tres pasos: un principio anticatástrofe limitado, diseñado para los riesgos más serios; especial atención a los costos y a los beneficios, y un enfoque denominado "paternalismo libertario", que respeta la libertad de elección y guía a los individuos a tomar decisiones que mejorarán sus vidas. Asimismo, muestra cómo las sociedades libres pueden proteger la libertad aun inmersas en el miedo al terrorismo y en un clima de gran preocupación por la seguridad nacional. Leyes de miedo es una importante declaración de uno de los teóricos políticos y del derecho más influyentes de la actualidad.

How does group behavior drive extremism and challenge democratic values? Cass R. Sunstein argues that the key to preventing the spread of extremist views is not to suppress deliberation among the like-minded; such groups productively challenge conventional thinking and majority opinion. Instead, policymakers should develop institutions to ensure that like-minded groups encounter a diversity of opinions within civil society. The goal, Sunstein contends, must be to create opportunities for civil deliberation that expose like-minded group members to opposing views, while exposing society at large to the views of such groups.

"In law and politics, some people are trimmers. They attempt to steer between the poles. Trimming might be defended as a heuristic for what is right, as a means of reducing political conflict over especially controversial questions, or as a method of ensuring that people who hold competing positions are not humiliated, excluded, or hurt. There are two kinds of trimmers: compromisers, who follow a kind of "trimming heuristic" and thus conclude that the middle course is best; and preservers, who attempt to preserve what is deepest in and most essential to competing reasonable positions, which they are willing to scrutinize and evaluate. It is true that in some cases, trimming leads to bad results in both politics and law, including bad interpretations of the Constitution. It is also true that trimmers face difficult questions about how to ascertain the relevant extremes and that trimmers can be manipulated by those who are in a position to characterize or to shift those extremes. Nonetheless, trimming is an honorable approach to some difficult questions in both law and politics, and in many domains, it is more attractive than the alternatives. In constitutional law, there are illuminating conflicts among those who believe in trimming, minimalism, rights fundamentalism, and democratic primacy."

"What happens to democracy and free speech if people use the Internet to create echo chambers--to listen and speak only to the like-minded? What is the democratic benefit of the Internet''s unlimited choices if citizens narrowly limit the information they receive, creating ever-smaller niches and fragmenting the shared public conversation on which democracy depends? Cass Sunstein first asked these questions before 9/11, in Republic.com, and they have become even more urgent in the years since. Now, in Republic.com 2.0, Sunstein thoroughly rethinks the critical relationship between democracy and the Internet in a world where partisan Web logs have emerged as a significant force in politics and where cyber-jihadists have embraced the Internet to thwart democracy and spread violence. Emphasizing the value of unplanned, unchosen encounters, the original Republic.com provoked a strong reaction from cyber-optimists. In Republic.com 2.0 Sunstein answers the critics and expands his argument to take account of new developments, including the blogosphere, and fresh evidence about how people are using the Internet. He demonstrates that the real question is how to avoid "information cocoons" and to ensure that the unrestricted choices made possible by technology do not undermine democracy. Sunstein also proposes new remedies and reforms--focusing far less on what government should do, and much more on what consumers and producers should do--to help democracy avoid the perils, and realize the promise, of the Internet."--Publisher desscription.

Praised as a must-have primer during the Roberts and Alito hearings, Radicals in Robes offers a rigorous yet accessible analysis of what''s at stake in the judiciary choices made during these warring days of the Warren/Rehnquist legacy. Radicals in Robes pulls away the veil of rhetoric from a dangerous and radical movement and issues a strong and passionate warning about what conservatives really intend.

The rise of the "information society" offers not only considerable peril but also great promise. Beset from all sides by a never-ending barrage of media, how can we ensure that the most accurate information emerges and is heeded? In this book, Cass R. Sunstein develops a deeply optimistic understanding of the human potential to pool information, and to use that knowledge to improve our lives. In an age of information overload, it is easy to fall back on our own prejudices and insulate ourselves with comforting opinions that reaffirm our core beliefs. Crowds quickly become mobs. The justification for the Iraq war, the collapse of Enron, the explosion of the space shuttle Columbia--all of these resulted from decisions made by leaders and groups trapped in "information cocoons," shielded from information at odds with their preconceptions. How can leaders and ordinary people challenge insular decision making and gain access to the sum of human knowledge? Stunning new ways to share and aggregate information, many Internet-based, are helping companies, schools, governments, and individuals not only to acquire, but also to create, ever-growing bodies of accurate knowledge. Through a ceaseless flurry of self-correcting exchanges, wikis, covering everything from politics and business plans to sports and science fiction subcultures, amass--and refine--information. Open-source software enables large numbers of people to participate in technological development. Prediction markets aggregate information in a way that allows companies, ranging from computer manufacturers to Hollywood studios, to make better decisions about product launches and office openings. Sunstein shows how people can assimilate aggregated information without succumbing to the dangers of the herd mentality--and when and why the new aggregation techniques are so astoundingly accurate. In a world where opinion and anecdote increasingly compete on equal footing with hard evidence, the on-line effort of many minds coming together might well provide the best path to infotopia.

Dissenters are often portrayed as selfish and disloyal, but Sunstein shows that those who reject pressures imposed by others perform valuable social functions, often at their own expense.

This book is about the complex relationship between fear, danger, and the law. Cass Sunstein argues that the precautionary principle is incoherent and potentially paralyzing, as risks exist on all sides of social situations and there is no ''general'' precautionary principle as such. His insight into The Laws of Fear represents a major statement for the contemporary world from one of the most influential political and legal theorists writing today.

Solo vemos lo que queremos ver, oimos lo que queremos oir y leemos lo que queremos leer. Pero el ciberespacio tambien nos permite utilizar la capacidad de filtrar todo lo que deseamos ver, oir y leer. En un futuro no demasiado lejano, nuestro poder de seleccion promete aumentar de manera exponencial. Ahora mismo ya tenemos la posibilidad de ver los acontecimientos deportivos que queremos, de leer unicamente los temas que nos interesan y de encontrar las ideas con las que estamos de acuerdo en las paginas de opinion. En medio del clamor popular por este considerable aumento de la informacion personalizada, Cass Sunstein plantea las siguientes cuestiones: es eso bueno para la democracia? Resulta saludable para la supervivencia de las instituciones? Que significa para la libertad de expresion? En Republica.com se exponen los inconvenientes del uso egocentrico de Internet, al mismo tiempo que se nos indica como acercarnos a este mundo como ciudadanos responsables y no solo como individuos obsesionados por el consumo. Sunstein afirma que la democracia depende de las experiencias compartidas y necesita que los ciudadanos se enfrenten a temas e ideas que no han elegido de antemano. Los periodicos y presentadores de radio o television ayudan a crear una cultura compartida; sin embargo, dado que su papel se va reduciendo a medida que aumenta la personalizacion del universo de las comunicaciones, la sociedad corre el peligro de fragmentarse y las comunidades compartidas de disolverse. En su lugar quiza solo resuene el eco de nuestra propia voz, de nuestra propia opinion.

Reveals the sources of such problems as airplane safety, global warming, and pollution, and examines what can be done by providing proposals for social reform and risk regulation.

This book discusses the current topic of Federal Government regulations increasingly assessed by asking whether the benefits of the regulation justifies the cost of the regulation.

A fresh examination of constitutionalism is presented by one of the nation''s most respected legal scholars.

Abortion, affirmative action, the "right to die," pornography and free speech, homosexuality and sex discrimination: as eagerly as the Supreme Court''s rulings on these hot issues are awaited and as intently as they''re studied, they never seem to settle anything once and for all. But something is settled in the process--in the incremental approach--as Cass Sunstein shows us in this instructive book. One of America''s preeminent constitutional scholars, Sunstein mounts a defense of the most striking characteristic of modern constitutional law: the inclination to decide one case at a time. Examining various controversies, he shows how--and why--the Court has avoided broad rulings on issues from the legitimacy of affirmative action to the "right to die," and in doing so has fostered rather than foreclosed public debate on these difficult topics. He offers an original perspective on the right of free speech and the many novel questions raised by Congress''s efforts to regulate violent and sexual materials on new media such as the Internet and cable television. And on the relationship between the Constitution and homosexuality and sex discrimination, he reveals how the Court has tried to ensure against second-class citizenship--and the public expression of contempt for anyone--while leaving a degree of flexibility to the political process. One Case at a Time also lays out, and celebrates, the remarkable constellation of rights--involving both liberty and equality--that now commands a consensus in American law. An authoritative guide to the Supreme Court, the book offers a new understanding of the American Constitution, and of the relationship between democracy and constitutionalism, and between rights and self-government.