New Releases by Cass R. Sunstein

The social cost of carbon: The most important number you've never heard of—and what it means. If you're injuring someone, you should stop—and pay for the damage you've caused. Why, this book asks, does this simple proposition, generally accepted, not apply to climate change? In Climate Justice, a bracing challenge to status-quo thinking on the ethics of climate change, renowned author and legal scholar Cass Sunstein clearly frames what’s at stake and lays out the moral imperative: When it comes to climate change, everyone must be counted equally, regardless of when they live or where they live—which means that wealthy nations, which have disproportionately benefited from greenhouse gas emissions, are obliged to help future generations and people in poor nations that are particularly vulnerable. Invoking principles of corrective justice and distributive justice, Sunstein argues that rich countries should pay for the harms that they have caused and that all of us are obliged to take steps to protect future generations from serious climate-related damage. He shows how “choice engines,” informed by artificial intelligence, can enable people to save money and to reduce the harms they produce. The book casts new light on the “social cost of carbon,” the most important number in climate change debates—and explains how intergenerational neutrality and international neutrality can help all nations, above all the United States and China, do what must be done.

Pourquoi ce qui nous transportait d’allégresse lundi (une relation amoureuse, un emploi, une œuvre d’art) a-t-il déjà perdu de son attrait vendredi ? À l’inverse, comment se fait-il que nous acceptions aussi facilement de vivre dans le bruit ou la pollution, de prendre des risques – pour notre santé ou nos finances –, d’avoir des relations peu satisfaisantes ? C’est ce qu’on appelle l’habituation, un processus qui fait que nous réagissons de moins en moins aux stimuli qui se répètent. Et que nous partageons avec tous les animaux, y compris les bactéries ! En s’appuyant sur l’apport des neurosciences et des sciences comportementales, Cass Sunstein et Tali Sharot mettent au jour les ressorts de l’habituation. Bonne nouvelle, on peut se déshabituer ! C’est pourquoi ils nous proposent des pistes pour rompre avec notre quotidien (réellement ou par la pensée) afin de rendre notre vie plus riche, plus épanouie. En redevenant sensibles aux aspects négatifs de notre environnement, nous serons aussi plus motivés pour nous battre en faveur du changement – en matière de santé, d’éducation, de justice sociale, par exemple ! Cass R. Sunstein est un éminent juriste américain. Il est professeur de droit à Harvard et directeur du programme d’économie comportementale et des politiques publiques qu’il a créé à la Harvard Law School. Il a coécrit Noise avec Daniel Kahneman et Nudge avec Richard Thaler, deux best-sellers internationaux. Tali Sharot est professeure de neurosciences cognitives à l’University College London et au MIT. Elle est la fondatrice et la directrice de l’Affective Brain Lab.

"In this concise, pragmatic guide, Cass Sunstein presents a range of scenarios involving students, professors, and administrators, and demonstrates how to distinguish reasonable restrictions from impermissible infringement on free speech. It is an indispensable resource for understanding the key issues surrounding free-speech debates on campuses"--

Edição ampliada e definitiva de um dos maiores clássicos sobre tomada de decisão, escrito por Richard H. Thaler, ganhador do prêmio Nobel de economia, e Cass R. Sunstein, professor de Harvard. * Best-seller do New York Times * Mais de 2 milhões de cópias vendidas Com base em décadas de pesquisas em ciência comportamental e usando diversos exemplos reveladores, os autores mostram que nenhuma opção nos é apresentada de forma neutra, e que estamos todos suscetíveis a tomar decisões ruins. Desde a primeira edição deste livro, a palavra "nudge" entrou para o vocabulário de executivos, formuladores de políticas públicas e consumidores. A inovadora discussão sobre como todos nós respondemos a determinados "empurrões" (nudges) na hora de tomar decisões relacionadas a saúde, vida pessoal ou dinheiro conquistou uma multidão de leitores. Os "nudges" estão em toda parte: podem ser uma imagem, um formulário, uma disposição de produtos, listas brancas próximas na estrada. Trata-se de qualquer aspecto que altera (ou empurra) o comportamento das pessoas em uma determinada direção, sem envolver alguma proibição, multa ou obrigação. Durante o isolamento social imposto pela covid-19, os autores decidiram revisitar o conceito e atualizar exemplos no campo da saúde, meio ambiente e finanças. Sem perder o tom leve e bem-humorado, trazem ferramentas valiosas sobre tomada de decisão para indivíduos, empresas e governos. "Poucos livros mudaram o mundo. Nudge é um deles" – Daniel Kahneman, autor de Rápido e devagar

Cover -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- 1. Theories of Interpretation -- 2. The Inevitability of Choice -- 3. The Oath of Office -- 4. How to Choose -- 5. Traditions: "Athwart History, Yelling Stop" -- 6. Where to Stand -- Acknowledgments -- Index -- The Constitution of the United States.

Bayangkan dua dokter di kota yang sama memberi diagnosis yang berbeda bagi pasien yang identik—atau dua hakim memberi hukuman yang berbeda ke orang yang melakukan kejahatan yang sama. Sekarang bayangkan dokter yang sama atau hakim yang sama membuat keputusan yang berbeda, tergantung dia membuatnya pada hari Senin atau Rabu, sebelum atau sesudah makan siang. Itulah contoh-contoh noise (kegaduhan): keragaman di pertimbangan yang seharusnya identik. Di buku ini, Daniel Kahneman, Olivier Sibony, dan Cass R. Sunstein menunjukkan bagaimana kegaduhan menghasilkan kesalahan di banyak bidang, termasuk kedokteran, hukum, kesehatan masyarakat, prakiraan ekonomi, ilmu forensik, perlindungan anak, strategi kreatif, tinjauan kinerja, dan penerimaan pelamar kerja. Kita semua membuat lebih banyak pertimbangan buruk daripada yang kita duga. Penuh gagasan baru dan menggunakan pendekatan yang membuat Thinking, Fast and Slow serta Nudge menjadi buku-buku yang dibaca banyak orang, Noise menunjukkan batas-batas kita dalam membuat keputusan, dan menawarkan jalan praktis untuk memperbaiki cara kita berpikir.

Para entender como pensamos e aprendermos a pensar melhor, é obrigatório ler ruído. Do autor de Pensar, depressa e devagar e PRÉMIO NOBEL DA ECONOMIA, Daniel kahneman, em colaboração com Cass R. Sunstein e Olivier Sibony. Dois médicos na mesma cidade podem chegar a diagnósticos pergentes para pacientes idênticos. Dois juízes podem ditar sentenças diferentes para crimes semelhantes. Imagine agora que esses médicos e juízes tomavam diferentes decisões influenciados pelo facto de ser de manhã ou de tarde, ou por ser segunda-feira e não quarta-feira, ou porque ainda não almoçaram. Estes são alguns exemplos de ruído: variações em decisões que deveriam ser idênticas. O ruído está presente em todas as nossas decisões, individuais ou colectivas, e dá origem a erros de julgamento nos mais variados campos, incluindo na medicina, nos tribunais, na saúde pública, nas previsões económicas, nas ciências forenses, na protecção de menores e nos recursos humanos. Além disso, influencia-nos e prejudica-nos no momento de tomar decisões quotidianas mas cujo impacto e custo pode ser maior do que imaginamos. Daniel Kahneman, um dos psicólogos mais importantes da actualidade e Prémio Nobel da Economia, em conjunto com Cass R. Sunstein e Olivier Sibony, duas eminentes personalidades do pensamento estratégico, ensinam-nos a avaliar a origem desse ruído, cuja influência tendemos a ignorar, e a tentar reduzi-lo, para melhorar os nossos processos de análise e de tomada de decisão. Seguindo uma fórmula semelhante à do clássico contemporâneo Pensar, depressa e devagar, Ruído: porque tomamos más decisões e como podemos evitá-lo é um livro revolucionário que oferece soluções práticas e simples para aprender a pensar melhor. Os elogios da crítica: «Do prémio Nobel e autor bestseller Daniel Kahneman, em co-autoria com dois brilhantes académicos, RUÍDO é uma obra revolucionária que investiga a origem das más decisões e nos ensina a fazer melhores juízos. (...) Um tour de force de erudição e clareza.» — The New York Times «Uma investigação absolutamente brilhante sobre um enorme problema social que nos passa despercebido, mas que sempre esteve debaixo dos nossos olhos.» — Steven Levitt, autor de Freakonomics «Monumental e apaixonante. Excepcional.» — The Sunday Times «Emocionante. Uma lição de humildade sobre equívocos.» — Financial Times «É provável que Ruído seja o livro mais importante que li na última década. Uma obra-prima.» — Angela Duckworth, autora de Grit

>> „Ti, kdo poznatky z knihy uplatní, budou přijímat humánnější a spravedlivější rozhodnutí, zachrání životy a zabrání tomu, aby čas, peníze a talenty přicházely nazmar.“ — The Washington Post << ## O knize Kdykoli se procesům naší mysli začne věnovat Daniel Kahneman, psycholog a nositel Nobelovy ceny za poznatky o kognitivním zkreslení, nedopadá to pro nás vůbec dobře! Tentokrát zkoumal příčiny vysoké variability profesionálních úsudků – soudců, lékařů, úředníků, učitelů a dalších – tam, kde by měly být shodné. A objevil šum, tedy vliv nepředvídatelných náhodných chyb, který je ve svém důsledku stejně závažný jako dopad biasů. Jen se hůř měří a je obtížnější si ho uvědomit, takže ho radikálně podceňujeme. Kahneman a jeho kolegové analyzovali stovky studií týkajících se rozhodování a ve svém společném díle vás přesvědčí o překvapivé míře lidské omylnosti. Dokonce i model nás samých činí přesnější úsudky než my! Nevytýkejme si to – vyplývá to už z přirozenosti kauzálního myšlení a složitosti světa. Ignorovat protiopatření by ale byla velká chyba. V knize vám hvězdný tým autorů vysvětlí příčiny šumu a jeho kategorie, naučí vás odlišovat šum od zkreslení a měřit jeho vliv. A především vám poradí, jak s těmito zjištěními naložit v praxi. Pro lepší, spravedlivější, méně zašuměný svět. ## V knize se mimo jiné dozvíte - Kdekoli existuje úsudek, tam existuje i šum, a to ve větším rozsahu, než byste čekali. - Šum uvidíme pouze tehdy, když se na svět podíváme statistickým pohledem. - Jak nálada, stres a únava ovlivňují situační šum, tedy variabilitu vašeho intrapersonálního rozhodování. - Že i malý sociální vliv dokáže podkopat jindy funkční „moudrost davu“. - Jak zohlednit mámení „údolí normálnosti“ a lákavost emoční odměny. - Co je střední kvadratická chyba a proč ji počítat s mocninami chyb. - Jak provést audit šumu a zlepšit si úsudek pomocí šesti pravidel rozhodovací hygieny. ## O autorech Daniel Kahneman je emeritním profesorem psychologie a veřejných záležitostí na Princetonské univerzitě. V roce 2002 obdržel Nobelovu cenu za ekonomii a v roce 2013 Prezidentskou medaili svobody. Je autorem světového bestselleru Myšlení, rychlé a pomalé. Olivier Sibony působí jako profesor strategií na mezinároční obchodní škole HEC v Paříži a lektor na Said Business School Oxfordské univerzity. Napsal knihu Chystáte se udělat strašnou chybu! Cass R. Sunstein je profesorem práva na Harvardské univerzitě, kde založil a řídí Program behaviorální ekonomie a veřejné politiky. Publikoval mnoho odborných článků a knih včetně Nudge (Šťouch) (spoluautor Richard H. Thaler). # Více o knize https://melvil.cz/kniha-sum

PARA ENTENDER CÓMO PENSAMOS Y PENSAR MEJOR, HAY QUE LEER A KAHNEMAN Premio Nobel de Economía Dos médicos en la misma ciudad pueden dar diagnósticos diferentes a pacientes idénticos; dos jueces pueden dictar sentencias distintas ante delitos similares; nosotros mismos podemos decidir una cosa u otra según sea por la mañana o por la tarde, o según se acerque o no la hora de comer. Estos son ejemplos de ruido: el sesgo que conlleva variabilidad en juicios que deberían ser iguales. El ruido está presente en todas las decisiones individuales y colectivas, y produce errores en innumerables terrenos, desde la medicina hasta la economía, pasando por el derecho, la sanidad, la protección infantil y la contratación. Además, también nos importuna e influye a la hora de tomar muchas de nuestras decisiones cotidianas. Daniel Kahneman, uno de los psicólogos más importantes del mundo, junto con Cass R. Sunstein y Olivier Sibony, dos eminencias mundiales en pensamiento estratégico, nos enseñan a escuchar ese ruido, cuyo impacto tendemos a ignorar, y a reducirlo para mejorar nuestros juicios. Basado en el mismo tipo de análisis agudo e ingeniosos ejemplos que convirtió Pensar rápido, pensar despacio en un best seller internacional, Ruido ofrece una serie de remedios originales, prácticos y sencillos para pensar mejor. La crítica ha dicho: «Una investigación absolutamente brillante de un problema social inmenso que nos ha pasado desapercibido cuando ha estado siempre ante nuestros ojos.» Steven Levitt, autor de Freakonomics «Monumental y apasionante. Excepcional.» The Sunday Times «Un tour de force de sabiduría y claridad.» The New York Times «Puede que Ruido sea el libro más importante que he leído en más de una década. Una obra maestra.» Angela Duckworth, autora de Grit «Un logro magistral y un hito en el campo de la psicología.» Philip E. Tetlock, coautor de Superpronosticadores «Una exploración electrizante de la mente humana. Este libro cambiará permanentemente nuestra forma de pensar sobre la escala y el alcance de los prejuicios.» David Lammy, diputado por Tottenham «Prepárate para que algunas de las mentes más brillantes del mundo te ayuden a repensar tu forma de evaluar a las personas, tomar decisiones y resolver problemas.» Adam Grant, autor de Think Again y presentador del TED podcast WorkLife

Il nuovo libro di Daniel Kahneman, autore di Pensieri lenti e veloci Dove c'è una decisione, un giudizio, una previsione, lì si trova il rumore. Due medici che danno due diagnosi diverse allo stesso paziente sulla base degli stessi esami. O due giudici che assegnano pene diverse a colpevoli dello stesso reato. O, addirittura, lo stesso manager che prende una decisione diversa a seconda del momento della giornata. Non dovrebbe accadere, ma accade. A tutti è capitato di trovarsi in situazioni in cui la realtà è ben diversa dalla teoria e decisioni che dovrebbero essere guidate da criteri oggettivi sembrano, invece, casuali. E la colpa è del rumore. Daniel Kahneman, premio Nobel per l'Economia e autore del bestseller mondiale Pensieri lenti e veloci, ha studiato per anni con Olivier Sibony e Cass R. Sunstein questo difetto del funzionamento mentale e in questo libro dimostra come ovunque si eserciti il giudizio umano - nella sanità pubblica come nelle aule di giustizia, nelle strategie aziendali come nelle decisioni quotidiane di tutti noi - lì si trovi il rumore, a sviare il ragionamento e causare errori. Una ricerca accurata, un libro ricchissimo di idee che svela un fenomeno onnipresente ma finora largamente ignorato e consente ai suoi lettori di riconoscere e controllare l'influenza che il rumore esercita su tutte le loro decisioni, previsioni e valutazioni. «Una ricerca rivoluzionaria su come migliorare i nostri ragionamenti.» - The New York Times «Una lettura obbligatoria per chiunque si trovi a prendere decisioni.» - Die Zeit «Un libro che apre gli occhi e indica una nuova via.» - Esther Duflo, premio Nobel per l'Economia 2019 «Rumore è il libro del decennio. Un capolavoro.» - Angela Duckworth, autrice di Grinta. Il potere della passione e della perseveranza «Un libro importante e dotto.» - Michela Marzano, Robinson - la Repubblica

★博客來、誠品一致選書推薦 ★與英美同步出版 諾貝爾獎得主、《快思慢想》作者 康納曼 醞釀十年 探測人類決策的最大黑洞 社會充斥很多不合理的情況， 像是不同法官對同一個案件卻有截然不同的判決、 不同醫師對同一個病人的診斷有很大的差異、 不同面試官對於是否錄取求職者意見大不相同， 甚至就連同一個法官、醫師與面試官在不同的時間也會做出不同的判斷。 為什麼會這樣？ 因為，只要有判斷，就會有「雜訊」 而且在日常生活中，雜訊比你以為的還要多 丹尼爾．康納曼、奧利維．席波尼、凱斯．桑思汀三位行為科學家發現， 在醫學、法律、經濟預測、法醫鑑識、保釋、 兒童保護、策略、績效評估、個人選擇等領域，都看得到雜訊， 但是一般人和組織都沒有意識到這個問題， 結果是付出高昂的代價、公共安全與衛生受到影響、社會還會出現極端不公平的情況。 本書中，作者從各領域的實例中拆解雜訊出現的原因， 並提供幾項決策保健策略，幫助讀者預防決策雜訊。 雜訊與偏誤一樣，都是人類必須迫切正視的問題 唯有正視雜訊與偏誤的存在，並做好決策保健工作 才能迎向決策錯誤更少、更公平、更健康的社會 【作者簡介】 丹尼爾．康納曼 Daniel Kahneman 全球暢銷書《快思慢想》的作者、2002年諾貝爾經濟學獎得主、 2013年獲頒美國總統自由勳章。 他是普林斯頓大學尤金．希金斯心理學講座教授， 伍德羅威爾森學院公共事務教授，曾榮獲多項獎章， 包括美國心理學學會頒贈的心理學終身貢獻獎。 他在心理學上的成就是挑戰判斷與決策的理性模式， 被公認為「繼佛洛依德之後，當代最偉大的心理學家」。 他的跨領域研究對經濟學、醫學、政治、 社會學、社會心理學、認知科學皆具深遠的影響， 被譽為「行為經濟學之父」。 奧利維．席波尼 Olivier Sibony 教授、作家和企業顧問，專門研究策略思維與決策流程的設計。 他在巴黎高等商學院（HEC Paris）教導策略、決策與問題解決課程， 並擔任牛津大學賽德商學院（Saïd Business School）副研究員。 此外，他長期在麥肯錫公司（McKinsey＆Company）巴黎、 紐約辦事處擔任顧問與合夥人，也在歐洲許多機構任職， 以顧問或董事會成員的身份為商業領袖提供諮詢。 著有《不當決策》（You’re About to Make a Terrible Mistake!）。 席波尼的研究專注在藉由減少偏誤的影響來增進決策品質。 他也是許多學術及一般出版品的作者， 與諾貝爾經濟學獎得主康納曼合著新書《Noise》。 凱斯．桑思汀 Cass R. Sunstein 美國被引用次數最多的法律學者， 過去十五年來率先將行為經濟學運用在各種議題的探討。 《紐約時報》暢銷書《原力思辨》（The World According to Star Wars）和 《推出你的影響力》（Nudge，與理查．塞勒合著）等書作者。 他是哈佛大學法學院教授，也是行為經濟學和公共政策計畫的發起人和負責人。 2009至2012年擔任白宮資訊法規辦公室主任。 2013至2014年擔任歐巴馬總統的情報和通訊科技審查小組委員。 【譯者簡介】 廖月娟 美國西雅圖華盛頓大學比較文學碩士。 曾獲誠品好讀報告2006年度最佳翻譯人、 2007年金鼎獎最佳翻譯人獎、 2008年吳大猷科普翻譯銀籤獎。 譯作繁多，包括《賈伯斯傳》、 《你要如何衡量你的人生？》、《旁觀者》、 《謝謝你遲到了》等數十冊。 周宜芳 讀過幾年書，識得一些字，現為自由譯者、全職媽媽， 分身於書房與廚房，在創造裡領受無窮樂趣。

Best-selling author Cass R. Sunstein examines how to avoid worst-case scenarios The world is increasingly confronted with new challenges related to climate change, globalization, disease, and technology. Governments are faced with having to decide how much risk is worth taking, how much destruction and death can be tolerated, and how much money should be invested in the hopes of avoiding catastrophe. Lacking full information, should decision-makers focus on avoiding the most catastrophic outcomes? When should extreme measures be taken to prevent as much destruction as possible? Averting Catastrophe explores how governments ought to make decisions in times of imminent disaster. Cass R. Sunstein argues that using the “maximin rule,” which calls for choosing the approach that eliminates the worst of the worst-case scenarios, may be necessary when public officials lack important information, and when the worst-case scenario is too disastrous to contemplate. He underscores this argument by emphasizing the reality of “Knightian uncertainty,” found in circumstances in which it is not possible to assign probabilities to various outcomes. Sunstein brings foundational issues in decision theory in close contact with real problems in regulation, law, and daily life, and considers other potential future risks. At once an approachable introduction to decision-theory and a provocative argument for how governments ought to handle risk, Averting Catastrophe offers a definitive path forward in a world rife with uncertainty.

How our shifting sense of "what's normal" defines the character of democracy "A provocative examination of social constructs and those who would alternately undo or improve them."—Kirkus Reviews This sharp and engaging collection of essays by leading governmental scholar Cass R. Sunstein examines shifting understandings of what's normal, and how those shifts account for the feminist movement, the civil rights movement, the rise of Adolf Hitler, the founding itself, the rise of gun rights, the response to COVID-19, and changing understandings of liberty. Prevailing norms include the principle of equal dignity, the idea of not treating the press as an enemy of the people, and the social unacceptability of open expressions of racial discrimination. But norms are very different from laws. They arise and change in response to individual and collective action. Exploring Nazism, #MeToo, the work of Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, constitutional amendments, pandemics, and the influence of Ayn Rand, Sunstein reveals how norms ultimately determine the shape of government in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere.

Worldwide, people are circulating damaging lies and falsehoods through powerful social media platforms that reach billions. They range from claims that COVID-19 is a hoax to the theory that vaccines cause autism. In Liars, Cass Sunstein argues that free societies must generally allow falsehoods and lies, which cannot be excised from democratic debate. At the same time, governments should regulate specific kinds of falsehoods: those that genuinely endanger health, safety, and the capacity of the public to govern itself. Sunstein concludes that government and private institutions, like Facebook and Twitter, currently allow far too many lies, including those that threaten public health and democracy.

An “illuminating” study that reveals the different ways social change occurs—for readers of Freakonomics and Thinking, Fast and Slow (The New York Times) How does social change happen? When do social movements take off? Sexual harassment was once something that women had to endure; now a movement has risen up against it. White nationalist sentiments, on the other hand, were largely kept out of mainstream discourse; now there is no shortage of media outlets for them. In this book, with the help of behavioral economics, psychology, and other fields, Cass Sunstein casts a bright new light on how change happens. Sunstein focuses on the crucial role of social norms—and on their frequent collapse. When norms lead people to silence themselves, even an unpopular status quo can persist. Then one day, someone challenges the norm—a child who exclaims that the emperor has no clothes; a woman who says “me too.” Sometimes suppressed outrage is unleashed, and long-standing practices fall. Sometimes change is more gradual, as “nudges” help produce new and different decisions—apps that count calories; texted reminders of deadlines; automatic enrollment in green energy or pension plans. Sunstein explores what kinds of nudges are effective and shows why nudges sometimes give way to bans and mandates. Finally, he considers social divisions, social cascades, and “partyism,” when identification with a political party creates a strong bias against all members of an opposing party—which can both fuel and block social change.

Buy a new version of this Connected Casebook and receive access to the online e-book, practice questions from your favorite study aids, and an outline tool on CasebookConnect, the all in one learning solution for law school students. CasebookConnect offers you what you need most to be successful in your law school classes-- portability, meaningful feedback, and greater efficiency.This looseleaf version of the Connected Casebook does not come with a binder. An outstanding author team examines administrative procedure and policy in light of substantive policy issues, such as public health and safety, environmental protections, and the regulation of the economy. Questions, notes, and problems support fruitful analysis of Supreme Court decisions, administrative acts, and matters of contemporary debate. Features: Revised materials on presidential appointment and removal E-rulemaking, the Obama Administration's transparency and openness initiatives, and new technologies Material on the Information Quality Act, midnight regulations, and guidance documents A new section on global administrative law Significant new Supreme Court decisions Streamlined Notes and Questions CasebookConnect features: ONLINE E-BOOK Law school comes with a lot of reading, so access your enhanced e-book anytime, anywhere to keep up with your coursework. Highlight, take notes in the margins, and search the full text to quickly find coverage of legal topics. PRACTICE QUESTIONS Quiz yourself before class and prep for your exam in the Study Center. Practice questions from Examples & Explanations, Emanuel Law Outlines, Emanuel Law in a Flash flashcards, and other best-selling study aid series help you study for exams while tracking your strengths and weaknesses to help optimize your study time. OUTLINE TOOL Most professors will tell you that starting your outline early is key to being successful in your law school classes. The Outline Tool automatically populates your notes and highlights from the e-book into an editable format to accelerate your outline creation and increase study time later in the semester.

From New York Times bestselling author Cass Sunstein, a brisk, provocative book that shows what freedom really means—and requires—today In this pathbreaking book, New York Times bestselling author Cass Sunstein asks us to rethink freedom. He shows that freedom of choice isn’t nearly enough. To be free, we must also be able to navigate life. People often need something like a GPS device to help them get where they want to go—whether the issue involves health, money, jobs, children, or relationships. In both rich and poor countries, citizens often have no idea how to get to their desired destination. That is why they are unfree. People also face serious problems of self-control, as many of them make decisions today that can make their lives worse tomorrow. And in some cases, we would be just as happy with other choices, whether a different partner, career, or place to live—which raises the difficult question of which outcome best promotes our well-being. Accessible and lively, and drawing on perspectives from the humanities, religion, and the arts, as well as social science and the law, On Freedom explores a crucial dimension of the human condition that philosophers and economists have long missed—and shows what it would take to make freedom real.

Many "nudges" aim to make life simpler, safer, or easier for people to navigate, but what do members of the public really think about these policies? Drawing on surveys from numerous nations around the world, Sunstein and Reisch explore whether citizens approve of nudge policies. Their most important finding is simple and striking. In diverse countries, both democratic and nondemocratic, strong majorities approve of nudges designed to promote health, safety, and environmental protection—and their approval cuts across political divisions. In recent years, many governments have implemented behaviorally informed policies, focusing on nudges—understood as interventions that preserve freedom of choice, but that also steer people in certain directions. In some circles, nudges have become controversial, with questions raised about whether they amount to forms of manipulation. This fascinating book carefully considers these criticisms and answers important questions. What do citizens actually think about behaviorally informed policies? Do citizens have identifiable principles in mind when they approve or disapprove of the policies? Do citizens of different nations agree with each other? From the answers to these questions, the authors identify six principles of legitimacy—a "bill of rights" for nudging that build on strong public support for nudging policies around the world, while also recognizing what citizens disapprove of. Their bill of rights is designed to capture citizens’ central concerns, reflecting widespread commitments to freedom and welfare that transcend national boundaries.

. . . Or has it already? Experts in law, politics, and other fields discuss the state of American freedom—and its precarious future. With the 2016 election of Donald J. Trump, many on both the left and right feared that America's 240-year-old grand experiment in democracy was coming to an end, and that Sinclair Lewis' satirical novel It Can't Happen Here, written during the dark days of the 1930s, could finally be coming true. Is the democratic freedom that the United States symbolizes really secure? Can authoritarianism happen in America? Acclaimed legal scholar, Harvard professor, and New York Times–bestselling author Cass R. Sunstein queried a number of the nation's leading experts on the subject. In this thought-provoking collection of essays, these distinguished thinkers and theorists explore the lessons of history, how democracies crumble, how propaganda works, and the role of the media, courts, elections, and "fake news" in the modern political landscape—and what the future of the United States may hold. "What makes Trump immune is that he is not a president within the context of a healthy Republican government. He is a cult leader of a movement that has taken over a political party—and he specifically campaigned on a platform of one-man rule. This fact permeates Can It Happen Here? . . . which concludes, if you read between the lines, that 'it' already has." — The New York Times Book Review "Cautionary pieces well-informed by history, legal theory, and patriotism." — Kirkus Reviews Contributors include: Martha Minow, dean of Harvard Law School Eric Posner, law professor at the University of Chicago Law School Tyler Cowen, economics professor at George Mason University Timur Kuran, economics and political science professor at Duke University Noah Feldman, professor of law at Harvard Law School Jonathan Haidt, social psychologist and Professor of Ethical Leadership at New York University's Stern School of Business Jack Goldsmith, Professor at Harvard Law School, Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, and co-founder of Lawfare Stephen Holmes, Professor of Law at New York University Jon Elster, Professor of the Social Sciences at Columbia University Thomas Ginsburg, Professor of International Law and Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Cass R. Sunstein, Robert Walmsley University Professor, Harvard University Duncan Watts, sociologist and principal researcher at Microsoft Research Geoffrey R. Stone, University of Chicago Law school professor and noted First Amendment scholar

In Legal Reasoning and Political Conflict, Cass R. Sunstein, one of America's best known commentators on our legal system, offers a bold, new thesis about how the law should work in America, arguing that the courts best enable people to live together, despite their diversity, by resolving particular cases without taking sides in broader, more abstract conflicts. Professor Sunstein closely analyzes the way the law can mediate disputes in a diverse society, examining how the law works in practical terms, and showing that, to arrive at workable, practical solutions, judges must avoid broad, abstract reasoning. He states that judges purposely limit the scope of their decisions to avoid reopening large-scale controversies, calling such actions incompletely theorized agreements. In identifying them as the core feature of legal reasoning, he takes issue with advocates of comprehensive theories and systemization, from Robert Bork to Jeremy Bentham, and Ronald Dworkin. Equally important, Sunstein goes on to argue that it is the living practice of the nation's citizens that truly makes law. Legal reasoning can seem impenetrable, mysterious, baroque. Legal Reasoning and Political Conflict helps dissolve the mystery. Whether discussing abortion, homosexuality, or free speech, the meaning of the Constitution, or the spell cast by the Warren Court, Cass Sunstein writes with grace and power, offering a striking and original vision of the role of the law in a diverse society. In his flexible, practical approach to legal reasoning, he moves the debate over fundamental values and principles out of the courts and back to its rightful place in a democratic state: to the legislatures elected by the people. In this Second Edition, the author updates the previous edition bringing the book into the current mainstream of twenty-first century legal reasoning and judicial decision-making focusing on the many relevant contemporary issues and developments that occurred since its initial 1996 publication.

El libro que inspiró a Barack Obama los fundamentos de la política al demostrar el poder de un pequeño empujón. Por el Premio Nobel de Economía 2017 Richard H. Thaler. En Un pequeño empujón, considerado ya un clásico y uno de los mejores libros sobre economía y política de las últimas décadas, Cass R. Sunstein y Richard H. Thaler, premio Nobel de Economía, observan cómo nuestras percepciones y decisiones dependen del modo en que se organizan ante nosotros las diferentes opciones. Gobiernos y empresas, pero también padres, profesores y médicos, se convierten así en una especie de «arquitectos de la elección». A través de leves impulsos, conscientes, a menudo invisibles y cuyo coste económico y político es irrisorio, las personas e instituciones públicas o privadas pueden incentivar sin mermar la libertad de elección de los ciudadanos, y obtener así grandes logros en relación con la sanidad pública, las finanzas o la lucha contra la desigualdad. Un libro esencial para quienes formulan nuestras políticas públicas, pero cuya aplicabilidad en nuestras vidas cotidianas es sorprendente y maravillosamente eficaz. Críticas: «¿Cuántas veces se encuentra uno con un libro a la vez importante y divertido, práctico y profundo? De lectura obligada para quien quiera ver mejorar el funcionamiento de nuestras mentes y nuestra sociedad». Daniel Kahneman, Premio Nobel de Economía y autor de Pensar rápido, pensar despacio «Me entusiasma este libro. Es uno de los pocos que han cambiado de un modo trascendente mi manera de ver el mundo». Steve Levitt, autor de Freakonomics «El libro más importante que he leído en veinte años». Barry Schwartz, The American Prospect «Fabuloso. Cambiará tu forma de pensar, no solo sobre el mundo que te rodea y algunos de sus mayores problemas, sino también sobre ti mismo». Michael Lewis, autor de La gran apuesta y Deshaciendo errores

This Palgrave Pivot offers comprehensive evidence about what people actually think of “nudge” policies designed to steer decision makers’ choices in positive directions. The data reveal that people in diverse nations generally favor nudges by strong majorities, with a preference for educative efforts – such as calorie labels - that equip individuals to make the best decisions for their own lives. On the other hand, there are significant arguments for noneducational nudges – such as automatic enrollment in savings plans - as they allow people to devote their scarce time and attention to their most pressing concerns. The decision to use either educative or noneducative nudges raises fundamental questions about human freedom in both theory and practice. Sunstein's findings and analysis offer lessons for those involved in law and policy who are choosing which method to support as the most effective way to encourage lifestyle changes.

From the New York Times bestselling author of Nudge and The World According to Star Wars, a revealing account of how today's Internet threatens democracy—and what can be done about it As the Internet grows more sophisticated, it is creating new threats to democracy. Social media companies such as Facebook can sort us ever more efficiently into groups of the like-minded, creating echo chambers that amplify our views. It's no accident that on some occasions, people of different political views cannot even understand each other. It's also no surprise that terrorist groups have been able to exploit social media to deadly effect. Welcome to the age of #Republic. In this revealing book, Cass Sunstein, the New York Times bestselling author of Nudge and The World According to Star Wars, shows how today's Internet is driving political fragmentation, polarization, and even extremism—and what can be done about it. Thoroughly rethinking the critical relationship between democracy and the Internet, Sunstein describes how the online world creates "cybercascades," exploits "confirmation bias," and assists "polarization entrepreneurs." And he explains why online fragmentation endangers the shared conversations, experiences, and understandings that are the lifeblood of democracy. In response, Sunstein proposes practical and legal changes to make the Internet friendlier to democratic deliberation. These changes would get us out of our information cocoons by increasing the frequency of unchosen, unplanned encounters and exposing us to people, places, things, and ideas that we would never have picked for our Twitter feed. #Republic need not be an ironic term. As Sunstein shows, it can be a rallying cry for the kind of democracy that citizens of diverse societies most need.

Star Wars é um dos maiores ícones culturais do século XX, um mito moderno, uma clássica jornada do herói com um apelo universal que conquistou gerações e ainda hoje vem colecionando fãs ao redor do mundo. Neste livro divertido, informativo e emocionante, Cass R. Sunstein explora as lições ensinadas pela série sobre infância, paternidade, rebeliões e redenção, e ainda sobre direito constitucional, economia, política e outros temas. Com riqueza de detalhes, o autor trata do sucesso inesperado e imprevisível da franquia e explora o motivo do êxito e do fracasso de outras histórias, argumentando que Star Wars fala sobre liberdade de escolha e a capacidade de fazer o que é certo mesmo quando a esperança é mínima.

In recent years, 'nudge units' or 'behavioral insights teams' have been created in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and other nations. All over the world, public officials are using the behavioral sciences to protect the environment, promote employment and economic growth, reduce poverty, and increase national security. In this book, Cass R. Sunstein, the eminent legal scholar and best-selling co-author of Nudge (2008), breaks new ground with a deep yet highly readable investigation into the ethical issues surrounding nudges, choice architecture, and mandates, addressing such issues as welfare, autonomy, self-government, dignity, manipulation, and the constraints and responsibilities of an ethical state. Complementing the ethical discussion, The Ethics of Influence: Government in the Age of Behavioral Science contains a wealth of new data on people's attitudes towards a broad range of nudges, choice architecture, and mandates.

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER #1 Washington Post Bestseller There's Santa Claus, Shakespeare, Mickey Mouse, the Bible, and then there's Star Wars. Nothing quite compares to sitting down with a young child and hearing the sound of John Williams's score as those beloved golden letters fill the screen. In this fun, erudite, and often moving book, Cass R. Sunstein explores the lessons of Star Wars as they relate to childhood, fathers, the Dark Side, rebellion, and redemption. As it turns out, Star Wars also has a lot to teach us about constitutional law, economics, and political uprisings. In rich detail, Sunstein tells the story of the films' wildly unanticipated success and explores why some things succeed while others fail. Ultimately, Sunstein argues, Star Wars is about freedom of choice and our never-ending ability to make the right decision when the chips are down. Written with buoyant prose and considerable heart, The World According to Star Wars shines a bright new light on the most beloved story of our time.

The casebook you asked for is here! Instructors nationwide have requested a First Amendment off-shoot from the best-selling Constitutional Law casebook by authors Stone, Seidman, Sunstein, and Tushnet. Now, Aspen is proud to meet that request with this current, concise, and focused volume designed expressly for a separate course or seminar dedicated to the First Amendment. Developed fromtheir chapters on Freedom of Expression and the Constitution and Religion, the authors focus 75 percent of the book on freedom of religion. The authors' annual supplement to their Constitutional Law casebook will now include any new developments or revisions to the First Amendment to keep this new text completely up-to-date.

Since America's founding, the U.S. Supreme Court had issued a vast number of decisions on a staggeringly wide variety of subjects. And hundreds of judges have occupied the bench. Yet as Cass R. Sunstein, the eminent legal scholar and bestselling co-author of Nudge, points out, almost every one of the Justices fits into a very small number of types regardless of ideology: the hero, the soldier, the minimalist, and the mute. Heroes are willing to invoke the Constitution to invalidate state laws, federal legislation, and prior Court decisions. They loudly embrace first principles and are prone to flair, employing dramatic language to fundamentally reshape the law. Soldiers, on the other hand, are skeptical of judicial power, and typically defer to decisions made by the political branches. Minimalists favor small steps and only incremental change. They worry that bold reversals of long-established traditions may be counterproductive, producing a backlash that only leads to another reversal. Mutes would rather say nothing at all about the big constitutional issues, and instead tend to decide cases on narrow grounds or keep controversial cases out of the Court altogether by denying standing. As Sunstein shows, many of the most important constitutional debates are in fact contests between the four Personae. Whether the issue involves slavery, gender equality, same-sex marriage, executive power, surveillance, or freedom of speech, debates have turned on choices made among the four Personae--choices that derive as much from psychology as constitutional theory. Sunstein himself defends a form of minimalism, arguing that it is the best approach in a self-governing society of free people. More broadly, he casts a genuinely novel light on longstanding disputes over the proper way to interpret the constitution, demonstrating that behind virtually every decision and beneath all of the abstract theory lurk the four Personae. By emphasizing the centrality of character types, Sunstein forces us to rethink everything we know about how the Supreme Court works.

Our ability to make choices is fundamental to our sense of ourselves as human beings, and essential to the political values of freedom-protecting nations. Whom we love; where we work; how we spend our time; what we buy; such choices define us in the eyes of ourselves and others, and much blood and ink has been spilt to establish and protect our rights to make them freely. Choice can also be a burden. Our cognitive capacity to research and make the best decisions is limited, so every active choice comes at a cost. In modern life the requirement to make active choices can often be overwhelming. So, across broad areas of our lives, from health plans to energy suppliers, many of us choose not to choose. By following our default options, we save ourselves the costs of making active choices. By setting those options, governments and corporations dictate the outcomes for when we decide by default. This is among the most significant ways in which they effect social change, yet we are just beginning to understand the power and impact of default rules. Many central questions remain unanswered: When should governments set such defaults, and when should they insist on active choices? How should such defaults be made? What makes some defaults successful while others fail? Cass R. Sunstein has long been at the forefront of developing public policy and regulation to use government power to encourage people to make better decisions. In this major new book, Choosing Not to Choose, he presents his most complete argument yet for how we should understand the value of choice, and when and how we should enable people to choose not to choose. The onset of big data gives corporations and governments the power to make ever more sophisticated decisions on our behalf, defaulting us to buy the goods we predictably want, or vote for the parties and policies we predictably support. As consumers we are starting to embrace the benefits this can bring. But should we? What will be the long-term effects of limiting our active choices on our agency? And can such personalized defaults be imported from the marketplace to politics and the law? Confronting the challenging future of data-driven decision-making, Sunstein presents a manifesto for how personalized defaults should be used to enhance, rather than restrict, our freedom and well-being.

Why are group decisions so hard? Since the beginning of human history, people have made decisions in groups—first in families and villages, and now as part of companies, governments, school boards, religious organizations, or any one of countless other groups. And having more than one person to help decide is good because the group benefits from the collective knowledge of all of its members, and this results in better decisions. Right? Back to reality. We’ve all been involved in group decisions—and they’re hard. And they often turn out badly. Why? Many blame bad decisions on “groupthink” without a clear idea of what that term really means. Now, Nudge coauthor Cass Sunstein and leading decision-making scholar Reid Hastie shed light on the specifics of why and how group decisions go wrong—and offer tactics and lessons to help leaders avoid the pitfalls and reach better outcomes. In the first part of the book, they explain in clear and fascinating detail the distinct problems groups run into: They often amplify, rather than correct, individual errors in judgment They fall victim to cascade effects, as members follow what others say or do They become polarized, adopting more extreme positions than the ones they began with They emphasize what everybody knows instead of focusing on critical information that only a few people know In the second part of the book, the authors turn to straightforward methods and advice for making groups smarter. These approaches include silencing the leader so that the views of other group members can surface, rethinking rewards and incentives to encourage people to reveal their own knowledge, thoughtfully assigning roles that are aligned with people’s unique strengths, and more. With examples from a broad range of organizations—from Google to the CIA—and written in an engaging and witty style, Wiser will not only enlighten you; it will help your team and your organization make better decisions—decisions that lead to greater success.