New Releases by Cass R. Sunstein

How our economic rights are fundamental to the security and stability of our democracy. In 1944, Franklin Delano Roosevelt gave a State of the Union Address that should be counted as the greatest political speech of the twentieth century. In it, Roosevelt grappled with the definition of security in a democracy, concluding that “unless there is security here at home, there cannot be lasting peace in the world.” To help ensure that security, he proposed a “Second Bill of Rights”—economic rights that he saw as necessary to political freedom, including a right to education, a right to adequate health care, a right to a home, and a right to protection against destitution. Many of the great legislative achievements of the past eighty years stem from Roosevelt’s vision. In The Second Bill of Rights, Cass Sunstein uses this speech as a launching point to show how these rights are vital to the continuing security of our nation. This is an ambitious, sweeping book that argues for a new vision of FDR, of constitutional history, and of our current political scene that has never been more urgent or more relevant.

"Have you ever noticed that what is thrilling on Monday tends to become boring on Friday? Even exciting relationships, stimulating jobs, and breathtaking works of art lose their sparkle after a while. People stop noticing what is most wonderful in their own lives. They also stop noticing what is terrible. They get used to dirty air. They stay in abusive relationships. People grow to accept authoritarianism and take foolish risks. They become unconcerned by their own misconduct, blind to inequality, and are more liable to believe misinformation than ever before."--

Pourquoi ce qui nous transportait d’allégresse lundi (une relation amoureuse, un emploi, une œuvre d’art) a-t-il déjà perdu de son attrait vendredi ? À l’inverse, comment se fait-il que nous acceptions aussi facilement de vivre dans le bruit ou la pollution, de prendre des risques – pour notre santé ou nos finances –, d’avoir des relations peu satisfaisantes ? C’est ce qu’on appelle l’habituation, un processus qui fait que nous réagissons de moins en moins aux stimuli qui se répètent. Et que nous partageons avec tous les animaux, y compris les bactéries ! En s’appuyant sur l’apport des neurosciences et des sciences comportementales, Cass Sunstein et Tali Sharot mettent au jour les ressorts de l’habituation. Bonne nouvelle, on peut se déshabituer ! C’est pourquoi ils nous proposent des pistes pour rompre avec notre quotidien (réellement ou par la pensée) afin de rendre notre vie plus riche, plus épanouie. En redevenant sensibles aux aspects négatifs de notre environnement, nous serons aussi plus motivés pour nous battre en faveur du changement – en matière de santé, d’éducation, de justice sociale, par exemple ! Cass R. Sunstein est un éminent juriste américain. Il est professeur de droit à Harvard et directeur du programme d’économie comportementale et des politiques publiques qu’il a créé à la Harvard Law School. Il a coécrit Noise avec Daniel Kahneman et Nudge avec Richard Thaler, deux best-sellers internationaux. Tali Sharot est professeure de neurosciences cognitives à l’University College London et au MIT. Elle est la fondatrice et la directrice de l’Affective Brain Lab.

Avete mai notato che quello che vi entusiasma il lunedì vi sembra noioso il venerdì? Relazioni, lavori, persino i capolavori dell’arte dopo un po’ perdono il loro fascino. A un certo punto, non facciamo più caso a ciò che c’è di buono nelle nostre vite, e non notiamo più nemmeno ciò che non va. Ci abituiamo all’aria inquinata, tolleriamo relazioni tossiche, giustififichiamo qualsiasi deriva autoritaria e corriamo rischi inutili. Ma è possibile iniziare a vedere tutto in modo nuovo? Tornare ad apprezzare ciò che c’è di buono e provare a cambiare quello che invece non ci rende felici? In questo studio sorprendente, frutto di una ricerca decennale in psicologia e biologia, i due autori ci mostrano che cambiare anche per poco l’ambiente in cui viviamo e le persone che frequentiamo è la strada per riconoscere e apprezzare il bene in modo più consapevole.

"In this concise, pragmatic guide, Cass Sunstein presents a range of scenarios involving students, professors, and administrators, and demonstrates how to distinguish reasonable restrictions from impermissible infringement on free speech. It is an indispensable resource for understanding the key issues surrounding free-speech debates on campuses"--

This highly informative Advanced Introduction explores the diverse and far-reaching legal implications of some of the key findings of behavioral economics. This Advanced Introduction provides a much-needed assessment and analysis of the law as a critical domain for the use of behavioral economics, and investigates how techniques including nudging, mandates, and taxes can be used to enhance the effectiveness and improve the implementation of the law.

Edição ampliada e definitiva de um dos maiores clássicos sobre tomada de decisão, escrito por Richard H. Thaler, ganhador do prêmio Nobel de economia, e Cass R. Sunstein, professor de Harvard. * Best-seller do New York Times * Mais de 2 milhões de cópias vendidas Com base em décadas de pesquisas em ciência comportamental e usando diversos exemplos reveladores, os autores mostram que nenhuma opção nos é apresentada de forma neutra, e que estamos todos suscetíveis a tomar decisões ruins. Desde a primeira edição deste livro, a palavra "nudge" entrou para o vocabulário de executivos, formuladores de políticas públicas e consumidores. A inovadora discussão sobre como todos nós respondemos a determinados "empurrões" (nudges) na hora de tomar decisões relacionadas a saúde, vida pessoal ou dinheiro conquistou uma multidão de leitores. Os "nudges" estão em toda parte: podem ser uma imagem, um formulário, uma disposição de produtos, listas brancas próximas na estrada. Trata-se de qualquer aspecto que altera (ou empurra) o comportamento das pessoas em uma determinada direção, sem envolver alguma proibição, multa ou obrigação. Durante o isolamento social imposto pela covid-19, os autores decidiram revisitar o conceito e atualizar exemplos no campo da saúde, meio ambiente e finanças. Sem perder o tom leve e bem-humorado, trazem ferramentas valiosas sobre tomada de decisão para indivíduos, empresas e governos. "Poucos livros mudaram o mundo. Nudge é um deles" – Daniel Kahneman, autor de Rápido e devagar

Cover -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- 1. Theories of Interpretation -- 2. The Inevitability of Choice -- 3. The Oath of Office -- 4. How to Choose -- 5. Traditions: "Athwart History, Yelling Stop" -- 6. Where to Stand -- Acknowledgments -- Index -- The Constitution of the United States.

This book examines decisions about decisions-what they are, where they go wrong, and how they can go right.

PARA ENTENDER CÓMO PENSAMOS Y PENSAR MEJOR, HAY QUE LEER A KAHNEMAN. —Premio Nobel de Economía Dos médicos en la misma ciudad pueden dar diagnósticos diferentes a pacientes idénticos; dos jueces pueden dictar sentencias distintas ante delitos similares; nosotros mismos podemos decidir una cosa u otra según sea por la mañana o por la tarde, o según se acerque o no la hora de comer. Estos son ejemplos de ruido: el sesgo que conlleva variabilidad en juicios que deberían ser iguales. El ruido está presente en todas las decisiones individuales y colectivas, y produce errores en innumerables terrenos, desde la medicina hasta la economía, pasando por el derecho, la sanidad, la protección infantil y la contratación. Además, también nos importuna e influye a la hora de tomar muchas de nuestras decisiones cotidianas. Daniel Kahneman, uno de los psicólogos más importantes del mundo, junto con Cass R. Sunstein y Olivier Sibony, dos eminencias mundiales en pensamiento estratégico, nos enseñan a escuchar ese ruido, cuyo impacto tendemos a ignorar, y a reducirlo para mejorar nuestros juicios. Basado en el mismo tipo de análisis agudo e ingeniosos ejemplos que convirtió Pensar rápido, pensar despacio en un best seller internacional, Ruido ofrece una serie de remedios originales, prácticos y sencillos para pensar mejor. ENGLISH DESCRIPTION From the Nobel Prize-winning author of Thinking, Fast and Slow and the coauthor of Nudge, a revolutionary exploration of why people make bad judgments and how to make better ones--"a tour de force” (New York Times). Imagine that two doctors in the same city give different diagnoses to identical patients—or that two judges in the same courthouse give markedly different sentences to people who have committed the same crime. Suppose that different interviewers at the same firm make different decisions about indistinguishable job applicants—or that when a company is handling customer complaints, the resolution depends on who happens to answer the phone. Now imagine that the same doctor, the same judge, the same interviewer, or the same customer service agent makes different decisions depending on whether it is morning or afternoon, or Monday rather than Wednesday. These are examples of noise: variability in judgments that should be identical. In Noise, Daniel Kahneman, Olivier Sibony, and Cass R. Sunstein show the detrimental effects of noise in many fields, including medicine, law, economic forecasting, forensic science, bail, child protection, strategy, performance reviews, and personnel selection. Wherever there is judgment, there is noise. Yet, most of the time, individuals and organizations alike are unaware of it. They neglect noise. With a few simple remedies, people can reduce both noise and bias, and so make far better decisions. Packed with original ideas, and offering the same kinds of research-based insights that made Thinking, Fast and Slow and Nudge groundbreaking New York Times bestsellers, Noise explains how and why humans are so susceptible to noise in judgment—and what we can do about it.

>> „Ti, kdo poznatky z knihy uplatní, budou přijímat humánnější a spravedlivější rozhodnutí, zachrání životy a zabrání tomu, aby čas, peníze a talenty přicházely nazmar.“ — The Washington Post << ## O knize Kdykoli se procesům naší mysli začne věnovat Daniel Kahneman, psycholog a nositel Nobelovy ceny za poznatky o kognitivním zkreslení, nedopadá to pro nás vůbec dobře! Tentokrát zkoumal příčiny vysoké variability profesionálních úsudků – soudců, lékařů, úředníků, učitelů a dalších – tam, kde by měly být shodné. A objevil šum, tedy vliv nepředvídatelných náhodných chyb, který je ve svém důsledku stejně závažný jako dopad biasů. Jen se hůř měří a je obtížnější si ho uvědomit, takže ho radikálně podceňujeme. Kahneman a jeho kolegové analyzovali stovky studií týkajících se rozhodování a ve svém společném díle vás přesvědčí o překvapivé míře lidské omylnosti. Dokonce i model nás samých činí přesnější úsudky než my! Nevytýkejme si to – vyplývá to už z přirozenosti kauzálního myšlení a složitosti světa. Ignorovat protiopatření by ale byla velká chyba. V knize vám hvězdný tým autorů vysvětlí příčiny šumu a jeho kategorie, naučí vás odlišovat šum od zkreslení a měřit jeho vliv. A především vám poradí, jak s těmito zjištěními naložit v praxi. Pro lepší, spravedlivější, méně zašuměný svět. ## V knize se mimo jiné dozvíte - Kdekoli existuje úsudek, tam existuje i šum, a to ve větším rozsahu, než byste čekali. - Šum uvidíme pouze tehdy, když se na svět podíváme statistickým pohledem. - Jak nálada, stres a únava ovlivňují situační šum, tedy variabilitu vašeho intrapersonálního rozhodování. - Že i malý sociální vliv dokáže podkopat jindy funkční „moudrost davu“. - Jak zohlednit mámení „údolí normálnosti“ a lákavost emoční odměny. - Co je střední kvadratická chyba a proč ji počítat s mocninami chyb. - Jak provést audit šumu a zlepšit si úsudek pomocí šesti pravidel rozhodovací hygieny. ## O autorech Daniel Kahneman je emeritním profesorem psychologie a veřejných záležitostí na Princetonské univerzitě. V roce 2002 obdržel Nobelovu cenu za ekonomii a v roce 2013 Prezidentskou medaili svobody. Je autorem světového bestselleru Myšlení, rychlé a pomalé. Olivier Sibony působí jako profesor strategií na mezinároční obchodní škole HEC v Paříži a lektor na Said Business School Oxfordské univerzity. Napsal knihu Chystáte se udělat strašnou chybu! Cass R. Sunstein je profesorem práva na Harvardské univerzitě, kde založil a řídí Program behaviorální ekonomie a veřejné politiky. Publikoval mnoho odborných článků a knih včetně Nudge (Šťouch) (spoluautor Richard H. Thaler). # Více o knize https://melvil.cz/kniha-sum

PARA ENTENDER CÓMO PENSAMOS Y PENSAR MEJOR, HAY QUE LEER A KAHNEMAN Premio Nobel de Economía Dos médicos en la misma ciudad pueden dar diagnósticos diferentes a pacientes idénticos; dos jueces pueden dictar sentencias distintas ante delitos similares; nosotros mismos podemos decidir una cosa u otra según sea por la mañana o por la tarde, o según se acerque o no la hora de comer. Estos son ejemplos de ruido: el sesgo que conlleva variabilidad en juicios que deberían ser iguales. El ruido está presente en todas las decisiones individuales y colectivas, y produce errores en innumerables terrenos, desde la medicina hasta la economía, pasando por el derecho, la sanidad, la protección infantil y la contratación. Además, también nos importuna e influye a la hora de tomar muchas de nuestras decisiones cotidianas. Daniel Kahneman, uno de los psicólogos más importantes del mundo, junto con Cass R. Sunstein y Olivier Sibony, dos eminencias mundiales en pensamiento estratégico, nos enseñan a escuchar ese ruido, cuyo impacto tendemos a ignorar, y a reducirlo para mejorar nuestros juicios. Basado en el mismo tipo de análisis agudo e ingeniosos ejemplos que convirtió Pensar rápido, pensar despacio en un best seller internacional, Ruido ofrece una serie de remedios originales, prácticos y sencillos para pensar mejor. La crítica ha dicho: «Una investigación absolutamente brillante de un problema social inmenso que nos ha pasado desapercibido cuando ha estado siempre ante nuestros ojos.» Steven Levitt, autor de Freakonomics «Monumental y apasionante. Excepcional.» The Sunday Times «Un tour de force de sabiduría y claridad.» The New York Times «Puede que Ruido sea el libro más importante que he leído en más de una década. Una obra maestra.» Angela Duckworth, autora de Grit «Un logro magistral y un hito en el campo de la psicología.» Philip E. Tetlock, coautor de Superpronosticadores «Una exploración electrizante de la mente humana. Este libro cambiará permanentemente nuestra forma de pensar sobre la escala y el alcance de los prejuicios.» David Lammy, diputado por Tottenham «Prepárate para que algunas de las mentes más brillantes del mundo te ayuden a repensar tu forma de evaluar a las personas, tomar decisiones y resolver problemas.» Adam Grant, autor de Think Again y presentador del TED podcast WorkLife

Il nuovo libro di Daniel Kahneman, autore di Pensieri lenti e veloci Dove c'è una decisione, un giudizio, una previsione, lì si trova il rumore. Due medici che danno due diagnosi diverse allo stesso paziente sulla base degli stessi esami. O due giudici che assegnano pene diverse a colpevoli dello stesso reato. O, addirittura, lo stesso manager che prende una decisione diversa a seconda del momento della giornata. Non dovrebbe accadere, ma accade. A tutti è capitato di trovarsi in situazioni in cui la realtà è ben diversa dalla teoria e decisioni che dovrebbero essere guidate da criteri oggettivi sembrano, invece, casuali. E la colpa è del rumore. Daniel Kahneman, premio Nobel per l'Economia e autore del bestseller mondiale Pensieri lenti e veloci, ha studiato per anni con Olivier Sibony e Cass R. Sunstein questo difetto del funzionamento mentale e in questo libro dimostra come ovunque si eserciti il giudizio umano - nella sanità pubblica come nelle aule di giustizia, nelle strategie aziendali come nelle decisioni quotidiane di tutti noi - lì si trovi il rumore, a sviare il ragionamento e causare errori. Una ricerca accurata, un libro ricchissimo di idee che svela un fenomeno onnipresente ma finora largamente ignorato e consente ai suoi lettori di riconoscere e controllare l'influenza che il rumore esercita su tutte le loro decisioni, previsioni e valutazioni. «Una ricerca rivoluzionaria su come migliorare i nostri ragionamenti.» - The New York Times «Una lettura obbligatoria per chiunque si trovi a prendere decisioni.» - Die Zeit «Un libro che apre gli occhi e indica una nuova via.» - Esther Duflo, premio Nobel per l'Economia 2019 «Rumore è il libro del decennio. Un capolavoro.» - Angela Duckworth, autrice di Grinta. Il potere della passione e della perseveranza «Un libro importante e dotto.» - Michela Marzano, Robinson - la Repubblica

Bestselling author Cass R. Sunstein reveals the appeal and the danger of conformity We live in an era of tribalism, polarization, and intense social division—separating people along lines of religion, political conviction, race, ethnicity, and sometimes gender. How did this happen? In Conformity, Cass R. Sunstein argues that the key to making sense of living in this fractured world lies in understanding the idea of conformity—what it is and how it works—as well as the countervailing force of dissent. An understanding of conformity sheds new light on many issues confronting us today: the role of social media, the rise of fake news, the growth of authoritarianism, the success of Donald Trump, the functions of free speech, debates over immigration and the Supreme Court, and much more. Lacking information of our own and seeking the good opinion of others, we often follow the crowd, but Sunstein shows that when individuals suppress their own instincts about what is true and what is right, it can lead to significant social harm. While dissenters tend to be seen as selfish individualists, dissent is actually an important means of correcting the natural human tendency toward conformity and has enormous social benefits in reducing extremism, encouraging critical thinking, and protecting freedom itself. Sunstein concludes that while much of the time it is in the individual’s interest to follow the crowd, it is in the social interest for individuals to say and do what they think is best. A well-functioning democracy depends on it.

Worldwide, people are circulating damaging lies and falsehoods through powerful social media platforms that reach billions. They range from claims that COVID-19 is a hoax to the theory that vaccines cause autism. In Liars, Cass Sunstein argues that free societies must generally allow falsehoods and lies, which cannot be excised from democratic debate. At the same time, governments should regulate specific kinds of falsehoods: those that genuinely endanger health, safety, and the capacity of the public to govern itself. Sunstein concludes that government and private institutions, like Facebook and Twitter, currently allow far too many lies, including those that threaten public health and democracy.

Discusses why people make bad judgments and how to make better ones by reducing the influence of "noise"--variables that can cause bias in decision making--and draws on examples in many fields, including medicine, law, economic forecasting, forensic science, strategy, and personnel selection.

The New York Times–bestselling co-author of Nudge explores how more information can make us happy or miserable—and why we sometimes avoid it but sometimes seek it out. How much information is too much? Do we need to know how many calories are in the giant vat of popcorn that we bought on our way into the movie theater? Do we want to know if we are genetically predisposed to a certain disease? Can we do anything useful with next week's weather forecast for Paris if we are not in Paris? In Too Much Information, Cass Sunstein examines the effects of information on our lives. Policymakers emphasize “the right to know,” but Sunstein takes a different perspective, arguing that the focus should be on human well-being and what information contributes to it. Government should require companies, employers, hospitals, and others to disclose information not because of a general “right to know” but when the information in question would significantly improve people's lives. Of course, says Sunstein, we are better off with stop signs, warnings on prescription drugs, and reminders about payment due dates. But sometimes less is more. What we need is more clarity about what information is actually doing or achieving.

An “illuminating” study that reveals the different ways social change occurs—for readers of Freakonomics and Thinking, Fast and Slow (The New York Times) How does social change happen? When do social movements take off? Sexual harassment was once something that women had to endure; now a movement has risen up against it. White nationalist sentiments, on the other hand, were largely kept out of mainstream discourse; now there is no shortage of media outlets for them. In this book, with the help of behavioral economics, psychology, and other fields, Cass Sunstein casts a bright new light on how change happens. Sunstein focuses on the crucial role of social norms—and on their frequent collapse. When norms lead people to silence themselves, even an unpopular status quo can persist. Then one day, someone challenges the norm—a child who exclaims that the emperor has no clothes; a woman who says “me too.” Sometimes suppressed outrage is unleashed, and long-standing practices fall. Sometimes change is more gradual, as “nudges” help produce new and different decisions—apps that count calories; texted reminders of deadlines; automatic enrollment in green energy or pension plans. Sunstein explores what kinds of nudges are effective and shows why nudges sometimes give way to bans and mandates. Finally, he considers social divisions, social cascades, and “partyism,” when identification with a political party creates a strong bias against all members of an opposing party—which can both fuel and block social change.

Buy a new version of this Connected Casebook and receive access to the online e-book, practice questions from your favorite study aids, and an outline tool on CasebookConnect, the all in one learning solution for law school students. CasebookConnect offers you what you need most to be successful in your law school classes-- portability, meaningful feedback, and greater efficiency.This looseleaf version of the Connected Casebook does not come with a binder. An outstanding author team examines administrative procedure and policy in light of substantive policy issues, such as public health and safety, environmental protections, and the regulation of the economy. Questions, notes, and problems support fruitful analysis of Supreme Court decisions, administrative acts, and matters of contemporary debate. Features: Revised materials on presidential appointment and removal E-rulemaking, the Obama Administration''s transparency and openness initiatives, and new technologies Material on the Information Quality Act, midnight regulations, and guidance documents A new section on global administrative law Significant new Supreme Court decisions Streamlined Notes and Questions CasebookConnect features: ONLINE E-BOOK Law school comes with a lot of reading, so access your enhanced e-book anytime, anywhere to keep up with your coursework. Highlight, take notes in the margins, and search the full text to quickly find coverage of legal topics. PRACTICE QUESTIONS Quiz yourself before class and prep for your exam in the Study Center. Practice questions from Examples & Explanations, Emanuel Law Outlines, Emanuel Law in a Flash flashcards, and other best-selling study aid series help you study for exams while tracking your strengths and weaknesses to help optimize your study time. OUTLINE TOOL Most professors will tell you that starting your outline early is key to being successful in your law school classes. The Outline Tool automatically populates your notes and highlights from the e-book into an editable format to accelerate your outline creation and increase study time later in the semester.

Many "nudges" aim to make life simpler, safer, or easier for people to navigate, but what do members of the public really think about these policies? Drawing on surveys from numerous nations around the world, Sunstein and Reisch explore whether citizens approve of nudge policies. Their most important finding is simple and striking. In diverse countries, both democratic and nondemocratic, strong majorities approve of nudges designed to promote health, safety, and environmental protection—and their approval cuts across political divisions. In recent years, many governments have implemented behaviorally informed policies, focusing on nudges—understood as interventions that preserve freedom of choice, but that also steer people in certain directions. In some circles, nudges have become controversial, with questions raised about whether they amount to forms of manipulation. This fascinating book carefully considers these criticisms and answers important questions. What do citizens actually think about behaviorally informed policies? Do citizens have identifiable principles in mind when they approve or disapprove of the policies? Do citizens of different nations agree with each other? From the answers to these questions, the authors identify six principles of legitimacy—a "bill of rights" for nudging that build on strong public support for nudging policies around the world, while also recognizing what citizens disapprove of. Their bill of rights is designed to capture citizens’ central concerns, reflecting widespread commitments to freedom and welfare that transcend national boundaries.

. . . Or has it already? Experts in law, politics, and other fields discuss the state of American freedom—and its precarious future. With the 2016 election of Donald J. Trump, many on both the left and right feared that America''s 240-year-old grand experiment in democracy was coming to an end, and that Sinclair Lewis'' satirical novel It Can''t Happen Here, written during the dark days of the 1930s, could finally be coming true. Is the democratic freedom that the United States symbolizes really secure? Can authoritarianism happen in America? Acclaimed legal scholar, Harvard professor, and New York Times–bestselling author Cass R. Sunstein queried a number of the nation''s leading experts on the subject. In this thought-provoking collection of essays, these distinguished thinkers and theorists explore the lessons of history, how democracies crumble, how propaganda works, and the role of the media, courts, elections, and "fake news" in the modern political landscape—and what the future of the United States may hold. "What makes Trump immune is that he is not a president within the context of a healthy Republican government. He is a cult leader of a movement that has taken over a political party—and he specifically campaigned on a platform of one-man rule. This fact permeates Can It Happen Here? . . . which concludes, if you read between the lines, that ''it'' already has." — The New York Times Book Review "Cautionary pieces well-informed by history, legal theory, and patriotism." — Kirkus Reviews Contributors include: Martha Minow, dean of Harvard Law School Eric Posner, law professor at the University of Chicago Law School Tyler Cowen, economics professor at George Mason University Timur Kuran, economics and political science professor at Duke University Noah Feldman, professor of law at Harvard Law School Jonathan Haidt, social psychologist and Professor of Ethical Leadership at New York University''s Stern School of Business Jack Goldsmith, Professor at Harvard Law School, Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, and co-founder of Lawfare Stephen Holmes, Professor of Law at New York University Jon Elster, Professor of the Social Sciences at Columbia University Thomas Ginsburg, Professor of International Law and Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Cass R. Sunstein, Robert Walmsley University Professor, Harvard University Duncan Watts, sociologist and principal researcher at Microsoft Research Geoffrey R. Stone, University of Chicago Law school professor and noted First Amendment scholar

In Legal Reasoning and Political Conflict, Cass R. Sunstein, one of America's best known commentators on our legal system, offers a bold, new thesis about how the law should work in America, arguing that the courts best enable people to live together, despite their diversity, by resolving particular cases without taking sides in broader, more abstract conflicts. Professor Sunstein closely analyzes the way the law can mediate disputes in a diverse society, examining how the law works in practical terms, and showing that, to arrive at workable, practical solutions, judges must avoid broad, abstract reasoning. He states that judges purposely limit the scope of their decisions to avoid reopening large-scale controversies, calling such actions incompletely theorized agreements. In identifying them as the core feature of legal reasoning, he takes issue with advocates of comprehensive theories and systemization, from Robert Bork to Jeremy Bentham, and Ronald Dworkin. Equally important, Sunstein goes on to argue that it is the living practice of the nation's citizens that truly makes law. Legal reasoning can seem impenetrable, mysterious, baroque. Legal Reasoning and Political Conflict helps dissolve the mystery. Whether discussing abortion, homosexuality, or free speech, the meaning of the Constitution, or the spell cast by the Warren Court, Cass Sunstein writes with grace and power, offering a striking and original vision of the role of the law in a diverse society. In his flexible, practical approach to legal reasoning, he moves the debate over fundamental values and principles out of the courts and back to its rightful place in a democratic state: to the legislatures elected by the people. In this Second Edition, the author updates the previous edition bringing the book into the current mainstream of twenty-first century legal reasoning and judicial decision-making focusing on the many relevant contemporary issues and developments that occurred since its initial 1996 publication.

El libro que inspiró a Barack Obama los fundamentos de la política al demostrar el poder de un pequeño empujón. Por el Premio Nobel de Economía 2017 Richard H. Thaler. En Un pequeño empujón, considerado ya un clásico y uno de los mejores libros sobre economía y política de las últimas décadas, Cass R. Sunstein y Richard H. Thaler, premio Nobel de Economía, observan cómo nuestras percepciones y decisiones dependen del modo en que se organizan ante nosotros las diferentes opciones. Gobiernos y empresas, pero también padres, profesores y médicos, se convierten así en una especie de «arquitectos de la elección». A través de leves impulsos, conscientes, a menudo invisibles y cuyo coste económico y político es irrisorio, las personas e instituciones públicas o privadas pueden incentivar sin mermar la libertad de elección de los ciudadanos, y obtener así grandes logros en relación con la sanidad pública, las finanzas o la lucha contra la desigualdad. Un libro esencial para quienes formulan nuestras políticas públicas, pero cuya aplicabilidad en nuestras vidas cotidianas es sorprendente y maravillosamente eficaz. Críticas: «¿Cuántas veces se encuentra uno con un libro a la vez importante y divertido, práctico y profundo? De lectura obligada para quien quiera ver mejorar el funcionamiento de nuestras mentes y nuestra sociedad». Daniel Kahneman, Premio Nobel de Economía y autor de Pensar rápido, pensar despacio «Me entusiasma este libro. Es uno de los pocos que han cambiado de un modo trascendente mi manera de ver el mundo». Steve Levitt, autor de Freakonomics «El libro más importante que he leído en veinte años». Barry Schwartz, The American Prospect «Fabuloso. Cambiará tu forma de pensar, no solo sobre el mundo que te rodea y algunos de sus mayores problemas, sino también sobre ti mismo». Michael Lewis, autor de La gran apuesta y Deshaciendo errores

This Palgrave Pivot offers comprehensive evidence about what people actually think of “nudge” policies designed to steer decision makers’ choices in positive directions. The data reveal that people in diverse nations generally favor nudges by strong majorities, with a preference for educative efforts – such as calorie labels - that equip individuals to make the best decisions for their own lives. On the other hand, there are significant arguments for noneducational nudges – such as automatic enrollment in savings plans - as they allow people to devote their scarce time and attention to their most pressing concerns. The decision to use either educative or noneducative nudges raises fundamental questions about human freedom in both theory and practice. Sunstein''s findings and analysis offer lessons for those involved in law and policy who are choosing which method to support as the most effective way to encourage lifestyle changes.

From the New York Times bestselling author of Nudge and The World According to Star Wars, a revealing account of how today's Internet threatens democracy—and what can be done about it As the Internet grows more sophisticated, it is creating new threats to democracy. Social media companies such as Facebook can sort us ever more efficiently into groups of the like-minded, creating echo chambers that amplify our views. It's no accident that on some occasions, people of different political views cannot even understand each other. It's also no surprise that terrorist groups have been able to exploit social media to deadly effect. Welcome to the age of #Republic. In this revealing book, Cass Sunstein, the New York Times bestselling author of Nudge and The World According to Star Wars, shows how today's Internet is driving political fragmentation, polarization, and even extremism—and what can be done about it. Thoroughly rethinking the critical relationship between democracy and the Internet, Sunstein describes how the online world creates "cybercascades," exploits "confirmation bias," and assists "polarization entrepreneurs." And he explains why online fragmentation endangers the shared conversations, experiences, and understandings that are the lifeblood of democracy. In response, Sunstein proposes practical and legal changes to make the Internet friendlier to democratic deliberation. These changes would get us out of our information cocoons by increasing the frequency of unchosen, unplanned encounters and exposing us to people, places, things, and ideas that we would never have picked for our Twitter feed. #Republic need not be an ironic term. As Sunstein shows, it can be a rallying cry for the kind of democracy that citizens of diverse societies most need.

Star Wars é um dos maiores ícones culturais do século XX, um mito moderno, uma clássica jornada do herói com um apelo universal que conquistou gerações e ainda hoje vem colecionando fãs ao redor do mundo. Neste livro divertido, informativo e emocionante, Cass R. Sunstein explora as lições ensinadas pela série sobre infância, paternidade, rebeliões e redenção, e ainda sobre direito constitucional, economia, política e outros temas. Com riqueza de detalhes, o autor trata do sucesso inesperado e imprevisível da franquia e explora o motivo do êxito e do fracasso de outras histórias, argumentando que Star Wars fala sobre liberdade de escolha e a capacidade de fazer o que é certo mesmo quando a esperança é mínima.

"In recent years, ''Nudge Units'' or ''Behavioral Insights Teams'' have been created in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and other nations. All over the world, public officials are using the behavioral sciences to protect the environment, promote employment and economic growth, reduce poverty, and increase national security. In this book, Cass R. Sunstein, the eminent legal scholar and best-selling co-author of Nudge, breaks new ground with a deep yet highly readable investigation into the ethical issues surrounding nudges, choice architecture, and mandates, addressing such issues as welfare, autonomy, self-government, dignity, manipulation, and the constraints and responsibilities of an ethical state. Complementing the ethical discussion, The Ethics of Influence: Government in the Age of Behavioral Science contains a wealth of new data on people''s attitudes towards a broad range of nudges, choice architecture, and mandates"--

Since America's founding, the U.S. Supreme Court had issued a vast number of decisions on a staggeringly wide variety of subjects. And hundreds of judges have occupied the bench. Yet as Cass R. Sunstein, the eminent legal scholar and bestselling co-author of Nudge, points out, almost every one of the Justices fits into a very small number of types regardless of ideology: the hero, the soldier, the minimalist, and the mute. Heroes are willing to invoke the Constitution to invalidate state laws, federal legislation, and prior Court decisions. They loudly embrace first principles and are prone to flair, employing dramatic language to fundamentally reshape the law. Soldiers, on the other hand, are skeptical of judicial power, and typically defer to decisions made by the political branches. Minimalists favor small steps and only incremental change. They worry that bold reversals of long-established traditions may be counterproductive, producing a backlash that only leads to another reversal. Mutes would rather say nothing at all about the big constitutional issues, and instead tend to decide cases on narrow grounds or keep controversial cases out of the Court altogether by denying standing. As Sunstein shows, many of the most important constitutional debates are in fact contests between the four Personae. Whether the issue involves slavery, gender equality, same-sex marriage, executive power, surveillance, or freedom of speech, debates have turned on choices made among the four Personae--choices that derive as much from psychology as constitutional theory. Sunstein himself defends a form of minimalism, arguing that it is the best approach in a self-governing society of free people. More broadly, he casts a genuinely novel light on longstanding disputes over the proper way to interpret the constitution, demonstrating that behind virtually every decision and beneath all of the abstract theory lurk the four Personae. By emphasizing the centrality of character types, Sunstein forces us to rethink everything we know about how the Supreme Court works.

Our ability to make choices is fundamental to our sense of ourselves as human beings, and essential to the political values of freedom-protecting nations. Whom we love; where we work; how we spend our time; what we buy; such choices define us in the eyes of ourselves and others, and much blood and ink has been spilt to establish and protect our rights to make them freely. Choice can also be a burden. Our cognitive capacity to research and make the best decisions is limited, so every active choice comes at a cost. In modern life the requirement to make active choices can often be overwhelming. So, across broad areas of our lives, from health plans to energy suppliers, many of us choose not to choose. By following our default options, we save ourselves the costs of making active choices. By setting those options, governments and corporations dictate the outcomes for when we decide by default. This is among the most significant ways in which they effect social change, yet we are just beginning to understand the power and impact of default rules. Many central questions remain unanswered: When should governments set such defaults, and when should they insist on active choices? How should such defaults be made? What makes some defaults successful while others fail? Cass R. Sunstein has long been at the forefront of developing public policy and regulation to use government power to encourage people to make better decisions. In this major new book, Choosing Not to Choose, he presents his most complete argument yet for how we should understand the value of choice, and when and how we should enable people to choose not to choose. The onset of big data gives corporations and governments the power to make ever more sophisticated decisions on our behalf, defaulting us to buy the goods we predictably want, or vote for the parties and policies we predictably support. As consumers we are starting to embrace the benefits this can bring. But should we? What will be the long-term effects of limiting our active choices on our agency? And can such personalized defaults be imported from the marketplace to politics and the law? Confronting the challenging future of data-driven decision-making, Sunstein presents a manifesto for how personalized defaults should be used to enhance, rather than restrict, our freedom and well-being.

Nel 2009 Barack Obama ha chiesto a Cass R. Sunstein di smontare i meccanismi del potere tradizionale e di ristrutturare da cima a fondo le regole dell’amministrazione americana. Sunstein ha accettato, e in questo libro ci racconta i suoi tre anni da “zar della regolazione”. “Cass R. Sunstein. L’uomo più pericoloso d’America.” Glenn Beck, Fox News Channel