Most Popular Books by David Tuffley

I N T R O D U C T I O N Good manuals are a scarce commodity - expensive to produce, difficult to maintain, the province of experts. Not any more. With this new step-by-step guide you can produce successful manuals at a fraction of the normal cost. Software user Documentation: A How To Guide for Project Staff is a detailed reference guide to the preparation of effective user documentation for computer software applica-tions. It is intended for people who wish to develop software user documentation. The format and arrangement of this manual re-flects the principles outlined within it - it ''practices what it preaches''. No prior knowledge or experience of user documentation writ-ing is assumed. The manual is designed to equip a person with at least average written expression skills with a blueprint of how to prepare a software user manual. Provided the person is prepared to follow the instructions through to completion, the result will be an effective piece of documentation. It can be used by practicing user documenters and technical writers as a checklist of what to include in a piece of documen-tation. The information given in this manual conforms with the interna-tionally recognised IEEE Standard 1063 which relates to the requirements for software user documentation. S O W H A T M A K E S A N E F F E C T I V E M A N U A L ? Organisation - Good manuals are well-structured with comprehensive table of contents and index. Content - The material focuses on user tasks, provides clear instructions and is concise. Appearance - The presentation is attractive with plenty of white space, and are packaged in booklets that are easy to use. Language - The text is easy to read and aimed specifically at the users. What to Avoid - Users dislike manuals that are: inaccurate, contain too much detail, talks down to people, is too formal, is poorly presented and/or organised.

Going with the Flow is a how-to guide for creating harmony in your life by bringing yourself into alignment with the larger laws of Nature that governs the world. It''s a good idea to know about them, because you can no more escape their influence than a swimmer in the ocean can avoid getting wet. And once you know, you can choose to harmonise your life with them, or not, it will still be up to you. Going with the flow is recognizing that a vast river of energy flows through life. Learning to swim with the energy is the key to creating a happier, more harmonious life. The river does not care if you choose to swim against it, becoming exhausted while making no progress. Aligning your efforts with the larger flow endows you with intuitive insight into the deeper nature of the world. These insights would have been obscured by the stresses and strains of the unexamined life that so many of us lead, preoccupied as we are with the world of appearances. This little book may be modest in numbers of words, but it is large on underlying meaning and potential to make your world a better place. It teaches you how to raise your awareness of the patterns of Nature that can be observed in the world around you, and to sense the world with immediacy and impact, to contemplate your impressions without judgement. What is stopping us from living this way? Perhaps the tendency in us all to settle into orthodox ways of thinking that your social group believes is right. Venturing outside of these conventional ways of thinking is to risk being ridiculed by the group. Are you brave enough to think for yourself, and perhaps resist the need to tell everyone your newfound wisdom? Going with the flow is like a woodworker understanding that he must work with the grain not across it. It is to understand that everything in the world is subject to change; often gradual, sometimes sudden. We need to know how to move with the changes and not resist them, not be too attached to anything, since nothing lasts forever. Our willingness to put ourselves into alignment with the flow of Nature puts us into harmony with it, and gives us the momentum of those larger evolutionary forces. We become the kind of person that others might describe as ''a force of nature''.

Highly creative people are among the highest paid in the world today. Prestigious organisations compete to get the most creative people on-board. It is a skill you can take to the bank. This book can show you how to cultivate a highly creative mind-set, plus the leadership qualities that will ensure you are taken seriously. In today''s globalised economy, we increasingly compete with low-cost workers in the developing world who charge much less for their labour. The labour market has expanded, and the competition has never been greater. The trend will continue well into the foreseeable future. As a knowledge worker, how can you increase your value in the market and future-proof your earning ability? The answer is to be able to generate great ideas that add value to whatever enterprise you work in. Creativity is a valuable skill, regardless of where you work and what you do. Creativity, or indeed genius, can indeed be learned; it is how you think, rather than what you think that matters. Like leadership, You cannot conjure genius on demand. You can only create the right conditions and wait for it to spontaneously occur. Throughout this book, I use the terms ''genius'' and ''highly creative person'' interchangeably. A genius is a highly creative person who has a mind-set that generates creative output. Many people assume genius requires a high IQ, but this is not necessarily the case. It is far more about attitude, and attitude is learnable. You can learn how to think and act like a genius. Is there a human alive who has reached their fullest potential? Possibly, but he or she is so rare as to be perhaps one in a billion. It is the nature of being human to be imperfect. We all have room for improvement. So what does it mean to be a genius? This book gives you a profile of how geniuses think and act, based on the work of researchers across cultures over time. It gives you the essence of being a genius. If you follow the advice and emulate these practices, you will create the right conditions for genius to manifest in your life. How successful you are will be largely dependent on how much time and effort you are prepared to invest in this most noble of endeavours. Genius can be understood as an aspect of the self-actualised person; someone who is in the process of living and expressing their unique human potential at it its fullest. The process of self-actualisation is discussed in detail in this book.

Have you noticed, life has a way of throwing challenges your way that can knock you down? If you do not have sufficient resilience, it may be very difficult to pick yourself up and keep moving forwards. This book gives you a wide range of strategies that help you become the person who can pick themselves up and keep moving forwards, stronger than you were before. Resilience is a learn-able skill; it can be cultivated even if you are not a naturally resilient person. This concise book outlines how you can develop your own resilience and find greater enjoyment and fulfilment in life, becoming a more self-actualized person. We could all benefit from having strategies to help us deal with the challenging, sometimes catastrophic events that come our way in life. Losing your job or business, relationship break-up, bereavement, illness or disability, and being the victim of crime are all situations where having resilience should come to the fore. How would you react to events of this seriousness? Would it knock the wind out of you such that you would find it difficult to carry on? Or do you have the resilience to get up again and keep moving forwards? Being Resilient shows you how to handle stress in a positive way and helps you be the kind of person who bounces back and carries on, stronger than before. It describes what resilience is and how you can cultivate it so that you can meet those difficult challenges and go on to become a stronger, happier person. Being Resilient is an essential ability in your repertoire of life skills. With it, you can meet the challenges of life, grow as a person and approach your full potential as a human being. Without resilience, you become bogged in the problems that you encounter along the road and find it difficult to get yourself out and continue your journey. Resilience is a form of learned optimism, a process by which you learn to accept that in life, problems will come your way, many of which you have little or no control over. But here is the crucial point, you also realize that you do have control over how you think about and react to those problems. As Shakespeare observed there is nothing either good or bad that thinking makes it so. Your world is not fixed; it is created by you, by your perceptions of what happens around you and how you choose to think about them and react. This is an empowering thought that puts you squarely in the driver''s seat of your life; you are in charge.

The wisdom of the ancient Zen masters and sages expressed in modern day language for all to understand. The koan is an enigmatic or paradoxical question used to develop a person''s Intuition. Koans are a valuable tool in your quest for enlightenment, but how do they work and why use them? Koans work by confounding logic and forcing a person out of their normal thinking and into the realm of Intuition. In other words, the inherent meaning is inaccessible to rational understanding, but perhaps accessible to Intuition.This book presents some of the classic koans from traditional Zen, originally written hundreds of years ago in Japanese, and re-interpreted from early English translations into early 21st Century English. The underlying meaning is still there, so they will still work as a koan should, but they are expressed in language more easily understood by people in the 21st Century. Each koan encapsulates a profound truth for reflection. Zen counsels the lessening of the ego, not the strengthening of it as consumer culture would urge. Instead of making a name for ourselves in society, we should listen to the voice of pines and cedars when no wind stirs, in other words become no-thing, entering instead the field of pure being that is behind the phenomenal world.

The Tao Te Ching is a how-to guide for creating harmony in your life. It can transform you, heal you, make you into the person you were always meant to be by teaching you about your true nature. It describes a force called the Tao that operates uniformly throughout the universe and is the causal agent of everything that happens. This edition begins with a discussion on knowing the Tao. With this foundation, it goes on to discuss how to use the Tao to become more conscious, to cultivate yourself, to lead others, to influence group dynamics, and when to refrain from action. Central Idea A central idea in the Tao Te Ching is the importance of avoiding extremes and always seeking the middle path on our journey through life. The objective is to operate from the middle ground between the extremes. This avoids causing any counter-reactions to your own actions. The net effect is one of neutrality. Finding the middle path means not needing to suffer the consequences of an act. In terms of the doctrine of Karma, it means avoiding negative reactions, or bad karma. Harmony with the Tao means living so that we do not swing like a pendulum from one extreme to the other. In human terms this pendulum swing equates to drama, that which creates disturbances in our lives and gets in the way of calm inner reflection. The Tao Te Ching encourages us to sense the world around us directly and to contemplate our impressions deeply from a position of neutrality. It advises against relying on the structures and orthodox belief systems that have been created by others. Such ideologies remove us from a direct experience of life and effectively cut us off from our intuition. Finding and following the Middle Path requires you to develop an awareness of the physical forces that shape your world and direct its events. Such forces operate uniformly at all levels, from the macrocosm to the microcosm. They operate in the universe as a whole and in the minds and lives of individuals. An understanding of these natural laws and the forces they direct gives you the power to direct events in the world without resorting to force, by using attitude instead of action. Subtle influence is better than force Influence on others is achieved through guiding rather than ruling. The objective is always to avoid taking action that will elicit counter-reactions. In Nature, an excessive force in a particular direction tends to trigger the growth of an opposing force. Therefore the use of force cannot be the basis for establishing an enduring social condition. Accepting the inevitability of change When you come to know the Tao, you understand that everything in the universe is in a state of flux. The emotional and intellectual structures that you build for your comfort and security will be subject to change by external forces that are largely beyond our control. The challenge is to accept the inevitability of change. We should not waste our energies propping up what one day must surely fall, defending them against criticisms, and convincing others to believe so that they are recognized as permanent truth. Grasping the reality of the impermanence allows us to align ourselves with the forces of Nature that bring about incremental progress in the social and physical world. We learn to embrace change whenever it occurs. Becoming a force of Nature Our alignment with the forces in Nature makes us a part of those forces, gives us the momentum of those larger forces. Our perceptions become more finely tuned because they are now based on evolving reality, not upon orthodox thinking that may be out-of-date. We see the world as it is, not as we believe it should be. Finding and following the Middle Path is how to create peace and tranquility in your life. A person whose life is chaotic, lurching from one disaster to the next, is unable do much more than merely survive.

I N T R O D U C T I O N How to Write Software Quality Management Plans is a plain-english, simplified version of IEEE 730 Standard for Software Quality Assurance Plans. This how to guide specifies the format and contents of a quality plan. It identifies the practices and processes to be applied during a project to ensure that the deliverables conform to the agreed requirements. It also identifies the quality objectives of the project, which are statements about measurable aspects of project and quality management. The quality plan includes the: - scope and objectives of the quality aspects of the project - quality deliverables that the project will produce - process by which those deliverables are produced - organisation and staffing which will perform the quality functions - responsibilities of those involved S C O P E How to Write Software Quality Management Plans applies to the medium to large scale software development projects. O B J E C T I V E S How to Write Software Quality Management Plans provides project and quality managers with a guide for the development of the quality plan. It addresses: - quality related aspects of the project to be considered during the planning stage of the project - the project''s quality objectives, quality deliverables and how they are to be managed - the need for consistent content and format Contribution to IS Quality. As with the Project Plan, the literature of software quality recognises the importance of comprehensive planning for those aspects of a software development project that bear most closely upon its success. Given that up to 70% of IT development projects fail (in terms of either not being completed, or completed but not used by the client due to it unsuitability), due in part to inadequate planning and execution of the project, this how to guide is an valuable aid for project planners to address the important quality-related activities. It is is an easy to use checklist, as defined by IEEE 730, and template to achieve this end. In the same way as a systematic and comprehensive Statement of User Requirements can capture a more complete set of requirements, a project plan as provided by this how to guide allows the project manager to make sure he/she has considered all relevant quality matters in the planning stage, allowing them to avoid, as far as possible, unpleasant surprizes later.

I N T R O D U C T I O N How to Perform Reviews & Audits is a plain-english, simplified version of IEEE Std 1028-1988 - Standard for Software Reviews and Audits. This how to guide encompasses the range of review and audit activities undertaken during a project. Reviews and audits comprise the following five modules: Management review. The formal evaluation of a project level plan or project status relative to that plan by a designated review team. Technical review. The evaluation of specified software modules and documents aimed at ensuring that the software modules and documents comply with the applicable standards while conforming to the specifications. The tech-nical review may provide recommendations after the exami-nation of alternatives. Walkthrough. An evaluation process that can result in recommendations for improvement or identification of alternatives to the current software modules or documents being developed. Audit. Provide objective evidence of compliance of products and processes with standards, guidelines, specifications and procedures. Includes audits of the quality management system. Inspection. Rigorous formal evaluations designed to detect and identify defects in the reviewed material. Normally conducted after the event and initiated by persons outside of the project team. S C O P E How to Perform Reviews & Audits applies to all project documents, software conduct specific reviews or audits - that need is defined by the project and quality plans. Also applies to the audit of the quality management system. O B J E C T I V E S How to Perform Reviews & Audits provides definitions and uniform requirements to enable project staff to perform the necessary reviews and audits of products and processes. Contribution to IS Quality. An essential element in the development of project documentation is the verification and validation that their contents are true and accurate. It is recognised in the literature of software quality that the authors of documents and code inherently do not wish to find errors in their own work. They will often consciously or unconsciously overlook errors and inaccuracies. It is therefore not advisable to leave the review of project documentation to those who produce it. It is important for such checking to conducted in a consistent and systematic manner. If this is done, project documentation will serve the development process in the way in which they are intended. This how to guide is an valuable aid for project and quality managers to address the important process of performing reviews and audits. It is is an easy to use checklist, as defined by IEEE Std 1028, and template to achieve this end.

The essence of longevity is harmony. It is bringing your inner world into harmony with your outer world, the microcosm with the macrocosm. Your inner world is a reflection of your outer world and the two should be as closely aligned as possible. The more conflict there is, the more stress and strain there is, and the shorter life tends to be. At the physical level, longevity is achieved by keeping your body flexible and in good working order. At the mental level it is keeping your mind clear and sharp, thinking creatively. At the spiritual level, it is being at peace with your world. Each of these levels is addressed in detail in this comprehensive how to guide. Secrets of a Long & Happy Life goes well beyond lifestyle advice for long life. It works on the assumption that quantity of life must also be accompanied by the highest possible quality of life. What is the point of living to 100 if you are miserable? Nursing homes and aged care facilities are filled with people who are kept alive through advances in medical science, but whose enjoyment of life is poor or non-existent. Do not let this happen to you. The Romans had a saying; ''mens sana in corpore sano''. It means a healthy mind in a healthy body. Mind and body depend upon each other, and both must be healthy. But having a healthy mind in a healthy body is the starting point. Secrets of a Long & Happy Life gives you detailed advice on how to achieve this, and does so in a culturally neutral way. Regardless of where you live, what cultural and religious traditions you observe, this advice will work for you because it operates at the level of underlying principle, not outward form. From here, it shows you how to become self-actualized (achieving your fullest potential), how to cultivate your intelligence well beyond its current level. Secrets of a Long & Happy Life does not shy away from the reality of death. Living in fear of dying erodes your enjoyment of life, so the book draws from ancient Buddhist wisdom about how to achieve enlightenment and what happens to your consciousness when your body dies. In short, it helps you understand how to have a good death at the end of a long and happy life. This could just be the most useful book you ever read. How this book is organized: Chapter 1: Lifestyle. Chapter 2: Stimulate your brain. Chapter 3: Self-Actualization. Chapter 4: Harmony with Nature. Chapter 5: Being Creative. Chapter 6: Enlightenment. Appendix A: Tips & Advice. Appendix B: Beating Addiction.

I N T R O D U C T I O NConfiguration management (CM) is the regulation of the way in which a software product evolves during the development and maintenance phases of the product lifecycle. It is the process by which the individual components of a software system are identified so that any changes to the configuration of these components can be systematically traced and therefore controlled throughout the complete span of the development cycle. CM thus forms the basis for product and project measurement.This How To Guide is based in large part on ANSI/IEEE 1042.S C O P EThis How To Guide describes the application of configuration management (CM) principles to the management of software development projects. CM consists of two major aspects; planning and implementation.For those planning software configuration management activities, this standard provides guide-lines into the aspects which must be considered.For those implementing software configuration management disciplines can use the sample Configuration Management Plan attached.This How To Guide outlines the essential concepts of CM, including libraries and tools.O B J E C T I V E STo achieve the above, the objective of a project manager will be the identification and establishment of baselines; the review, approval, and control of changes to the project components; the tracking and reporting of such changes; the reviews of the evolving product; the control of documentation; and the control of the interfaces to the clients and supplier.However it should be noted that this How To Guide specifies the minimum requirements, and therefore the project manager has the option where required, to expand and supplement as necessary for the development of specific project activities.In specific terms, the objective of CM procedures are to provide methods for: - Version identification - Obtaining approval to implement a modification - Ensuring that modifications are correctly integrated through formal change control pro-cedures- Controlling the identification of development status- Ensuring that nonconforming software is identified and segregatedContribution to IS Quality. A structured and comprehensive approach to software design is known to be a major factor contributing to Information Systems Quality. Adequate configuration management is however often not performed, contributing to a higher number of software defects which impact the real and perceived quality of the software, as well as leading to time and expense being spent on rework and higher maintenance costs.How to Write Configuration Management Plans is a plain-English, procedural guide to developing CM Plans that are both systematic and comprehensive. It contains detailed instructions and templates

Introducing: "InfoTech Governance, Policy, Ethics & Law" by Dr. David Tuffley This textbook is a comprehensive guide to IT governance, policy, ethics and law for students, practitioners and researchers. It covers the latest developments and best practices in the field, with a focus on the ethical, legal and social implications of IT. The textbook is divided into nine chapters, each covering a key topic in IT governance, policy, ethics and law. The chapters are: Chapter 1: IT Governance Frameworks. This chapter introduces the concept and importance of IT governance, and reviews the main frameworks and standards for IT compliance and data retention. Chapter 2: Cybersecurity and Data Protection. This chapter explores the challenges and opportunities of cybersecurity and data protection in the digital age, and discusses the international and national regulations and guidelines for privacy, data transfers, data breach notification, AI accountability and ethical hacking. Chapter 3: Cloud Computing and Outsourcing. This chapter examines the benefits and risks of cloud computing and outsourcing, and explains the contractual and legal issues involved in these arrangements. Chapter 4: Digital Ethics and Responsible AI. This chapter analyzes the ethical principles and values that should guide the design, development and use of digital technologies and AI, and addresses the topics of algorithm bias, emerging technologies, whistleblower protection and AI art. Chapter 5: Intellectual Property and Copyright. This chapter explains the basic concepts and types of intellectual property rights, and explores the challenges and solutions for digital rights management, open-source software licensing and fair use. Chapter 6: E-Gov and Digital Transformation. This chapter describes the role and impact of IT in government and public administration, and highlights the best practices and case studies of e-government, citizen engagement, smart cities and remote work. Chapter 7: Impact of IT on Society. This chapter assesses the positive and negative effects of IT on society, culture and human behavior, and covers the topics of social media, technology for social good, accessibility and inclusion. Chapter 8: Employee IT Usage and Policies. This chapter discusses the rights and responsibilities of employees and employers regarding IT usage in the workplace, and provides guidance on how to create effective IT policies that balance privacy, security and productivity. Chapter 9: IoT Security and Privacy. This chapter explores the security and privacy issues related to the Internet of Things (IoT), and covers the topics of IoT ethics, biometric data usage, data localization and sovereignty. The textbook is written in plain English to make it accessible to a wide audience, without compromising on accuracy or rigor. It also includes learning objectives, key terms, review questions, case studies, exercises and references at the end of each chapter to enhance the learning experience.

Stop Trying So Hard You''ve seen them-those rare individuals who command a room without raising their voice, who make difficult look effortless, who seem untouched by the anxiety that governs everyone else. They possess something you can''t quite name but instantly recognize. It''s not charisma. It''s not luck. It''s cool-and contrary to everything you''ve been told, it''s completely learnable. The Paradox That Changes Everything Here''s the truth that will transform how you move through the world: you can''t become cool by trying to be cool. The moment you perform it, you''ve lost it. Yet authentic cool isn''t a genetic lottery or mysterious gift-it''s a cultivated practice, a specific quality of self-possession that emerges from deep internal work, not surface manipulation. The Essence of Cool dismantles the myths and reveals what cool actually is: a particular relationship to pressure, a state of being fundamentally comfortable with who you are regardless of context. It''s Miles Davis turning his back to the audience. It''s your friend who makes waiting for the bus look like a deliberate choice. It''s that quality of ease that makes certain people magnetic without effort. Award-winning author David Tuffley brings his signature clarity and practical wisdom to this exploration of one of culture''s most misunderstood concepts. Drawing from jazz, philosophy, neuroscience, and decades of observation, he maps the territory between anxiety and arrogance where genuine cool lives-that sweet spot of comfortable self-knowledge that doesn''t require external validation. Transform How You Show Up Inside these pages, you''ll discover: Why presence, not performance, creates magnetic self-possession How to cultivate the selective indifference that frees you from constant approval-seeking The rhythm of speech that commands attention without demanding it Physical presence techniques that eliminate nervous energy and project natural authority The generous edit-knowing what to leave out for maximum impact How to handle adversity with grace, maintaining composure when things go wrong The difference between cool confidence and hollow posturing Why cool deepens rather than diminishes with age When to break your own rules (the mark of true mastery) The dangerous shadow side of cool and how to avoid it This isn''t another self-help manual promising transformation through affirmations. It''s a sophisticated exploration combined with practical instruction-both investigation and user''s guide. Tuffley treats cool as what it truly is: a learnable skill that develops through patient attention to who you are and how you inhabit your life. You''ll learn to remove the static between who you are and how you show up. To be so genuinely comfortable in your skin that others relax just being around you. The Work Begins Now The question isn''t whether you can develop cool-you can. The question is whether you''re willing to do the unglamorous foundational work: cultivating self-knowledge, mastering your domain, developing authentic taste, building the internal security that makes external ease possible. Stop chasing an image. Start building authentic presence. Stop performing for others. Start being comfortable with yourself. Stop trying to seem cool. Start practicing the art of genuine ease. The work is unglamorous. The results are magnetic. Your transformation begins on page one. Order your copy today and discover what changes when you finally stop trying so hard.

Strategic non-action is a powerful yet under-rated method of influencing worldly affairs. In cultures where action is favoured over inaction, like in the West, direct action is considered a virtue while inaction is little more than laziness or cowardice. Let us be more subtle and nuanced in our understanding. There is a time for both action and inaction. Non-action gives access to a deeper intuitive awareness than that gained through action, since knowledge that comes through action is obscured by situation-specific reactions. Non-action is an aspect of going with the flow, not resisting the larger forces that govern a world of which you are a small part. It acknowledges that events are governed by the laws of Nature, and it is often best to simply allow those laws to operate and play out in their own time, in their own way. Non-action can help us towards our goals by encouraging patience and taking the long-view. Humanistic Psychology says that it is within our reach to create the life we want for ourselves. As we think and believe, so we create our world. This is indeed true, but only up to a point. We can transform our lives in goal fulfilling ways, but the transformation is relatively slow, its progress measured in months and years.

Practical, down-to-earth advice on what Social Anxiety is, what causes it and how you can deal with it. In this no-nonsense how-to guide you will get a set of Cognitive Behavior Therapies that have been proven to work with a generation of sufferers. - use them, safe in the knowledge that these have already worked for countless people already, people who now live richer, more satisfying lives. Social anxiety (or social phobia) is the debilitating fear of interacting with people. At its heart is the belief that you are being negatively judged, which leads you to avoid those situations where being judged is a possibility. To make matters worse, it is a self-reinforcing fear in which the more often you avoid situations, the more established and habitual the fear of negative judgement becomes. You can understand the nature of social anxiety by seeing it in its evolutionary perspective. In our evolutionary past, strangers were dangerous. Being wary of them helped us to survive. There were the family and close friends inside our circle of trust, and then there was everyone else. There was only ever ''us and them''. The world is not as dangerous as it once was. The foundation for dealing with social anxiety is to understand at a rational level that in today''s world we do not need to be so scared of strangers. As dangerous as they might once have been, today they are less dangerous. To watch the news on TV or read the newspapers, you could be forgiven for thinking that the world is a dangerous place indeed, but that is a distortion of reality. Every year the world becomes a little safer and more civilized as Stephen Pinker points out in his 2011 book The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. Rigorously enforced laws that guarantee individual rights have seen to that. We all know that if we attack someone we will find ourselves incarcerated with a criminal record. We have learned to restrain our violent impulses. On the rare occasion when someone does become violent, often under the influence of inhibition-reducing alcohol, they are publicly shamed on TV news and sent to jail or made to pay a hefty fine. The carrot and the stick. Since Roman times, violent offenders have been put in prison where they cannot breed. At the same time, altruistic behaviour is rewarded by society. This carrot and stick approach is gradually reducing the overall proportion of people with violent tendencies in the general population, while increasing the proportion of helpful, well-intentioned people. This process has been on-going for nearly 2,000 years, which represents roughly 6,000 generations of people. I am not suggesting that violence does not still occur in the world, only that it is gradually declining, a fact which is proven by the hard evidence presented by Professor Pinker. We did not evolve surrounded by millions of strangers. We do not need to fear strangers in the way our ancestors did 10,000+ years ago. In those days, people lived in small nomadic groups, very often a single multi-generational family group. Everyone knew everyone else. Children were raised by the community. There were no towns or cities, much less the mega-cities of today. Even though we evolved as small group dwellers, the reality of life today in the 21st Century is that more than half of the world''s population lives in cities where you live surrounded by millions of strangers. This is always going to be stressful for people in whom the age-old instinctive fear of strangers is still strong. If you suffer from social anxiety, it is helpful to understand that what you have is a natural instinct that is being outraged by the conditions of modern life. The instinct is over-reacting; the perceived danger has become blown out of proportion to the actual danger. You are not defective; you just need to dial back the instinctive reaction to a more rational level.

I N T R O D U C T I O N How to Perform Software Metrics is a plain-english, simplified version of IEEE Std 1061 Standard for a Software Metrics Methodology. This how to guide defines the standard for software quality metrics methodology. It is meant for people involved with the purchase, development, use, assistance, maintenance or review of soft-ware. The standard is especially directed at those measuring or reviewing the quality of software. S C O P E How to Perform Software Metrics supplies a methodology for founding quality requirements and recognising, implementing, analysing and validating process and product software quality metrics. This methodology applies to all software at all stages of any software life-cycle structure. Sections 1 through 4 provide, scope, definitions, and background information which is the basis of this standard; all parts of Section 5 are compulsory. Appendices A through D are incorporated for illustrative and reference reasons only. This how to guide does not assign specific metrics. However, the appendices include models of metrics together with a finalised example of the use of this standard. O B J E C T I V E S The objectives of How to Perform Software Metrics are to provide definitive software metrics reference to the following categories of person: - Purchasing/project managers to identify, state and priori-tise the quality requirements for a system. - System developers to identify definite features that should be assembled into the software in order to meet the quality requirements. - Quality audit/assurance/control company and a system developer to review whether the quality requirements are being met. - System maintainers to aid in change management during product development. - User to help in distinguishing the quality requirements for a system Contribution to IS Quality. Software metrics form an indispensable part of any software process improvement program. Without the means to measure improvements (or otherwise) in software quality, it cannot be determined whether process improvement is being achieved. This how to guide is an valuable aid for project and quality managers to address the important process of keeping software metrics. It is is an easy to use checklist, as defined by IEEE Std 1061, and template to achieve this end.

Surfing has grown from a pastime enjoyed in old Polynesia to a global pursuit with a legion of devoted practitioners. For many, surfing is a state-of-mind, a life-style that has become a consuming passion. For others, it is a highly enjoyable weekend pastime. This concise collection of surfing terms gives the outsider or beginner a window into the culture and language of surfing. Seasoned surfers already know these terms.