New Releases by Ian Hacking

Die Zähmung des Zufalls (The Taming of Chance) wurde von der «Modern Library» als eines der 100 wichtigsten Sachbücher des 20. Jahrhunderts in englischer Sprache ausgewählt. Ian Hacking zeigt, wie es im späten 19. Jahrhundert möglich wurde, statistische Muster als selbsterklärend und die Welt als nicht zwangsläufig deterministisch zu betrachten. Im gleichen Zeitraum wurde die Vorstellung von der menschlichen Natur durch ein Modell des normalen Menschen basierend auf den Gesetzen der Dispersion ersetzt. Diese beiden parallelen Transformationen verstärkten sich gegenseitig, sodass der Zufall die Welt weniger launisch erscheinen liess: Legitimiert wurde es, weil es Ordnung in das Chaos brachte. Hacking argumentiert, diese Entwicklungen hätten dazu geführt, dass sich eine neue Art des wissenschaftlichen Denkens durchgesetzt hat. Je grösser das Mass an Indeterminismus in unserer Vorstellung von der Welt und den Menschen ist, desto mehr erwarten wir Kontrolle und Eingriffe in unser Leben und desto weniger Freiheit. Die Zähmung des Zufalls verbindet detaillierte wissenschaftsgeschichtliche Forschung mit der für die Wissenschaftsphilosophie charakteristischen Breite sowie Elan und zeigt die Beziehungen zwischen Philosophie, Naturwissenschaften, Mathematik und der Entwicklung sozialer Institutionen auf. Zugleich liefert es eine einzigartige und massgebliche Analyse der «Probabilisierung» der westlichen Welt.

Hacking explores how mathematics became possible for the human race, and how it ensured our status as the dominant species.

This groundbreaking collection of contributions by leading philosophers offers a new way of thinking about animal rights, our obligation to animals, and the nature of philosophy itself.

Historical records show that there was no real concept of probability in Europe before the mid-seventeenth century, although the use of dice and other randomizing objects was commonplace. First published in 1975, this edition includes an introduction that contextualizes his book in light of developing philosophical trends.

“Einige unserer philosophischen Probleme mit Begriffen sind das Ergebnis ihrer Geschichte”, behauptet Ian Hacking. Damit sagt er in einem Satz, was sein Projekt einer historischen Ontologie ausmacht: Sie ist Untersuchung von Begriffen im Sinne der Cambridger Sprachanalyse und gleichzeitig Philosophie- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Für dieses Projekt macht sich Hacking auch einige Einsichten von Michel Foucault zunutze. Auf diese Weise verbindet er Foucaultsche Archäologie des Wissens und Wittgensteinsche Therapie von Sprachverwirrungen. Er macht deutlich, dass viele unserer Überzeugungen von den Stilen der Rationalität abhängen, in denen sie begründet werden. Hacking verabschiedet, ähnlich wie Nelson Goodman, in seinem nicht subjektivistischen Nominalismus und Relativismus die Idee einer einzigen ewigen Wahrheit. So vermeidet er die Unplausibilitäten des sozialen Konstruktivismus und wird gleichzeitig der Vielfalt historisch gewachsener menschlichen Denkweisen und Argumentationsformen gerecht. Ian Hacking, der vor allem als Wissenschaftshistoriker der Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und der Psychiatrie bekannt geworden ist, hat in diesem Band Aufsätze versammelt, die das Programm, die Quellen und viele der zentralen Themen seiner Arbeit repräsentieren. Auf diese Weise bietet das Buch eine exzellente Einführung in seine Philosophie.

Peut-on " réécrire l'âme ", la façonner, créer de nouveaux troubles psychologiques ? Depuis le XIXe siècle, la mémoire est l'instrument de cette réécriture. Nous " nous " pensons désormais largement à travers cette question de la mémoire. Mais elle est venue en percuter une autre : celle des traumas et, en particulier, des violences sexuelles faites aux enfants. Le mélange pourrait bien être explosif. Ignorée jusque dans les années 1970, la question des violences sexuelles faites aux enfants a envahi notre quotidien. On a vu apparaître des experts, attestant la véracité des propos des enfants. " L'enfant ne ment pas " est devenu un slogan politique. Après la bio-politique de Michel Foucault, Ian Hacking propose de s'intéresser à la mémoro-politique. Ce n'est pas seulement la mémoire collective mais aussi la mémoire individuelle qui est devenue une question politique. Ian Hacking interroge les troubles psychologiques qui se répandent de manière privilégiée à certaines époques (en particulier le trouble de la personnalité multiple) puis disparaissent.

With the unusual clarity, distinctive and engaging style, and penetrating insight that have drawn such a wide range of readers to his work, Ian Hacking here offers his reflections on the philosophical uses of history. The focus of this volume, which collects both recent and now-classic essays, is the historical emergence of concepts and objects, through new uses of words and sentences in specific settings, and new patterns or styles of reasoning within those sentences. In its lucid and thoroughgoing look at the historical dimension of concepts, the book is at once a systematic formulation of Hacking’s approach and its relation to other types of intellectual history, and a valuable contribution to philosophical understanding. Hacking opens the volume with an extended meditation on the philosophical significance of history. The importance of Michel Foucault—for the development of this theme, and for Hacking’s own work in intellectual history—emerges in the following chapters, which place Hacking’s classic essays on Foucault within the wider context of general reflections on historical methodology. Against this background, Hacking then develops ideas about how language, styles of reasoning, and “psychological” phenomena figure in the articulation of concepts—and in the very prospect of doing philosophy as historical ontology.

Ne nous y trompons pas : la modestie technique de ce livre et la simplicité de son style ne doivent pas inciter à sous-estimer l'ampleur des questions philosophiques abordées ici, souvent avec humour. C'était d'ailleurs le pari à relever : présenter un texte vivant et accessible au plus grand nombre, mais susceptible de stimuler aussi bien le philosophe inquiet du hasard que le scientifique désireux de prendre le temps de réfléchir, peut-être autrement, à des concepts fondamentaux ou familiers dans sa pratique. Même le joueur invétéré devrait y trouver, sinon son compte, du moins quelques défis ! Au fil des chapitres le lecteur croisera des mises au point sur les concepts élémentaires de la logique inductive, un exposé des enjeux associés au probable et une initiation à la théorie de la décision. Il découvrira quelques grandes figures du domaine et disposera d'un aperçu sur les divers points de vue qui s'y affrontent. En fin de chapitre, des exercices d'applications lui permettront de se faire la main sur les notions examinées. A l'issue du périple, il sera à même d'évaluer l'ampleur du fameux problème philosophique de l'induction, ainsi que la portée de diverses tentatives censées le résoudre ou du moins le dissoudre. Aucune maîtrise préalable en logique formelle ou en mathématiques - hormis les quatre opérations ! - n'est requise pour prendre le risque de la lecture. Les certitudes se font rares dans un monde où nous sommes, toujours davantage, soumis au probable, aussi bien dans le registre du savoir que dans celui de l'action. Paradoxalement, le fait que l'incertain est maître de la nature comme de la société constitue l'une de celles qui organise nos existences. Si vivre c'est se résoudre à faire face au risque, il faudra sans doute se raccrocher à la survivante de l'infernale boîte de Pandore, l'espérance. La logique inductive fait en quelque sorte ce choix moins assurée que sa consœur déductive, elle fait cependant fructifier tout un nouveau style de rigueur venu maîtriser la probabilité au fil des quatre derniers siècles.

This is an introductory textbook on probability and induction written by one of the world's foremost philosophers of science. The book has been designed to offer maximal accessibility to the widest range of students (not only those majoring in philosophy) and assumes no formal training in elementary symbolic logic. It offers a comprehensive course covering all basic definitions of induction and probability, and it considers such topics as decision theory, Bayesianism, frequency ideas, and the philosophical problem of induction. The key features of the book are a lively and vigorous prose style; lucid and systematic organisation and presentation of the ideas; many practical applications; a rich supply of exercises drawing on examples from such fields as psychology, ecology, economics, bioethics, engineering, and political science; numerous brief historical accounts of how fundamental ideas of probability and induction developed; a full bibliography of further reading. Although designed primarily for courses in philosophy, the book could certainly be read and enjoyed by those in the social sciences (particularly psychology, economics, political science and sociology) or medical sciences (such as epidemiology) seeking a reader-friendly account of the basic ideas of probability and induction.

This is an introductory 2001 textbook on probability and induction written by one of the world's foremost philosophers of science. The book has been designed to offer maximal accessibility to the widest range of students (not only those majoring in philosophy) and assumes no formal training in elementary symbolic logic. It offers a comprehensive course covering all basic definitions of induction and probability, and considers such topics as decision theory, Bayesianism, frequency ideas, and the philosophical problem of induction. The key features of this book are a lively and vigorous prose style; lucid and systematic organization and presentation of ideas; many practical applications; a rich supply of exercises drawing on examples from such fields as psychology, ecology, economics, bioethics, engineering, and political science; numerous brief historical accounts of how fundamental ideas of probability and induction developed; and a full bibliography of further reading.

Lost in the raging debate over the validity of social construction is the question of what, precisely, is being constructed. Facts, gender, quarks, reality? Ian Hacking’s book explores an array of examples to reveal the deep issues underlying contentious accounts of reality—especially regarding the status of the natural sciences.

As Foucault once identified a politics that centers on the body and another that classifies and organizes the human population, Hacking has now provided a masterful description of the politics of memory: the scientizing of the soul and the wounds it can receive.

"It all began one morning last July when we noticed a young man of twenty-six crying in his bed in Dr. Pitre's ward. He had just come from a long journey on foot and was exhausted, but that was not the cause of his tears. He wept because he could not prevent himself from departing on a trip when the need took him; he deserted family, work, and daily life to walk as fast as he could, straight ahead, sometimes doing 70 kilometers a day on foot, until in the end he would be arrested for vagrancy and thrown in prison." ?Dr. Philippe Tissie, July 1886 Thus begins the recorded case history of Albert Dadas, a native of France's Bordeaux region and the first diagnosed mad traveler, or fuguer. An occasional employee of a local gas company, Dadas suffered from a strange compulsion that led him to travel obsessively, often without identification, not knowing who he was or why he traveled. He became notorious for his extraordinary expeditions to such far-reaching spots as Algeria, Moscow, and Constantinople. Medical reports of Dadas set off at the time of a small epidemic of compulsive mad voyagers, the epicenter of which was Bordeaux, but which soon spread throughout France to Italy, Germany, and Russia. Today we are similarly besieged by mental illnesses of the moment, such as chronic fatigue syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The debate rages about which of these conditions are affectations or cultural artifacts and which are "real." In Mad Travelers, Ian Hacking uses the Dadas case to weigh the legitimacy of cultural influences versus physical symptoms in the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. He argues that psychological symptoms find stable homes at a given place and time, in "ecological niches" where transient illnesses flourish. Using the records of Dadas's physician, Philippe Tissie, Hacking attempts to make sense of this strange epidemic. While telling his fascinating tale, he raises probing questions about the nature of mental disorders, the cultural repercussions of their diagnosis, and the relevance of this century-old case study for today's overanalyzed society.

This book combines detailed scientific historical research with characteristic philosophic breadth and verve.

Antolog a sobre las corrientes cient ficas recientes con ensayos de T. S. Kuhn, Dudley Shapere, Hilary Putnam, sir Karl Popper, Imre Lakatos, Ian Hacking, Larry Laudan y Paul Feyerabend, con bibliograf a y notas curriculares acerca de los participantes.

Many people find themselves dissatisfied with recent linguistic philosophy, and yet know that language has always mattered deeply to philosophy and must in some sense continue to do so. Ian Hacking considers here some dozen case studies in the history of philosophy to show the different ways in which language has been important, and the consequences for the development of the subject. There are chapters on, among others, Hobbes, Berkeley, Russell, Ayer, Wittgenstein, Chomsky, Feyerabend and Davidson. Dr Hacking ends by speculating about the directions in which philosophy and the study of language seem likely to go. The book will provide students with a stimulating, broad survey of problems in the theory of meaning and the development of philosophy, particularly in this century. The topics treated in the philosophy of language are among the central, current concerns of philosophers, and the historical framework makes it possible to introduce concretely and intelligibly all the main theoretical issues.