New Releases by Ian Hacking

One of Ian Hacking''s earliest publications, this book showcases his early ideas on the central concepts and questions surrounding statistical reasoning. He explores the basic principles of statistical reasoning and tests them, both at a philosophical level and in terms of their practical consequences for statisticians. Presented in a fresh twenty-first-century series livery, and including a specially commissioned preface written by Jan-Willem Romeijn, illuminating its enduring importance and relevance to philosophical enquiry, Hacking''s influential and original work has been revived for a new generation of readers.

Hacking explores how mathematics became possible for the human race, and how it ensured our status as the dominant species.

This groundbreaking collection of contributions by leading philosophers offers a new way of thinking about animal rights, our obligation to animals, and the nature of philosophy itself.

" Je ne veux pas la paix entre le scientifique et le constructionniste. Je voudrais que l''on comprenne mieux comment ils sont en désaccord, et pourquoi ils sont inconciliables. " Tel est l''objectif poursuivi par Ian Hacking dans ce livre, désormais classique, où il procède à un examen minutieux des us et abus de ce maître mot du discours des sciences sociales contemporaines, la " construction sociale ". Construction sociale de quoi ?, demande Hacking : les faits, les catégories de genre, les objets, les quarks, la réalité, les maladies, les diagnostics, la pédophilie ? En dehors d''un usage inspiré par la mode du discours postmoderne, l''expression se trouve au coeur d''un ensemble impressionnant de recherches nouvelles et de travaux originaux sur les cultures, les sciences, les femmes, l''histoire, la nature ou la littérature. Mais si ce concept est incontestablement utile, il a parfois pris l''allure d''un slogan propre à déclencher l''ire agressive de certains scientifiques et philosophes dits " réalistes ", qui voient dans l''idée même que la réalité soit le produit d''une construction sociale une négation relativiste de celle-ci. Écrit avec générosité et humour par l''un des plus éminents philosophes contemporains de la science, ce livre apporte des éclaircissements originaux sur les plus vieilles querelles de la philosophie, sur la nature de la connaissance scientifique et ses rapports au monde dans lequel nous vivons.

Historical records show that there was no real concept of probability in Europe before the mid-seventeenth century, although the use of dice and other randomizing objects was commonplace. First published in 1975, this edition includes an introduction that contextualizes his book in light of developing philosophical trends.

“Einige unserer philosophischen Probleme mit Begriffen sind das Ergebnis ihrer Geschichte”, behauptet Ian Hacking. Damit sagt er in einem Satz, was sein Projekt einer historischen Ontologie ausmacht: Sie ist Untersuchung von Begriffen im Sinne der Cambridger Sprachanalyse und gleichzeitig Philosophie- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Für dieses Projekt macht sich Hacking auch einige Einsichten von Michel Foucault zunutze. Auf diese Weise verbindet er Foucaultsche Archäologie des Wissens und Wittgensteinsche Therapie von Sprachverwirrungen. Er macht deutlich, dass viele unserer Überzeugungen von den Stilen der Rationalität abhängen, in denen sie begründet werden. Hacking verabschiedet, ähnlich wie Nelson Goodman, in seinem nicht subjektivistischen Nominalismus und Relativismus die Idee einer einzigen ewigen Wahrheit. So vermeidet er die Unplausibilitäten des sozialen Konstruktivismus und wird gleichzeitig der Vielfalt historisch gewachsener menschlichen Denkweisen und Argumentationsformen gerecht. Ian Hacking, der vor allem als Wissenschaftshistoriker der Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und der Psychiatrie bekannt geworden ist, hat in diesem Band Aufsätze versammelt, die das Programm, die Quellen und viele der zentralen Themen seiner Arbeit repräsentieren. Auf diese Weise bietet das Buch eine exzellente Einführung in seine Philosophie.

With the unusual clarity, distinctive and engaging style, and penetrating insight that have drawn such a wide range of readers to his work, Ian Hacking here offers his reflections on the philosophical uses of history. The focus of this volume, which collects both recent and now-classic essays, is the historical emergence of concepts and objects, through new uses of words and sentences in specific settings, and new patterns or styles of reasoning within those sentences. In its lucid and thoroughgoing look at the historical dimension of concepts, the book is at once a systematic formulation of Hacking’s approach and its relation to other types of intellectual history, and a valuable contribution to philosophical understanding. Hacking opens the volume with an extended meditation on the philosophical significance of history. The importance of Michel Foucault—for the development of this theme, and for Hacking’s own work in intellectual history—emerges in the following chapters, which place Hacking’s classic essays on Foucault within the wider context of general reflections on historical methodology. Against this background, Hacking then develops ideas about how language, styles of reasoning, and “psychological” phenomena figure in the articulation of concepts—and in the very prospect of doing philosophy as historical ontology.

Ne nous y trompons pas : la modestie technique de ce livre et la simplicité de son style ne doivent pas inciter à sous-estimer l''ampleur des questions philosophiques abordées ici, souvent avec humour. C''était d''ailleurs le pari à relever : présenter un texte vivant et accessible au plus grand nombre, mais susceptible de stimuler aussi bien le philosophe inquiet du hasard que le scientifique désireux de prendre le temps de réfléchir, peut-être autrement, à des concepts fondamentaux ou familiers dans sa pratique. Même le joueur invétéré devrait y trouver, sinon son compte, du moins quelques défis ! Au fil des chapitres le lecteur croisera des mises au point sur les concepts élémentaires de la logique inductive, un exposé des enjeux associés au probable et une initiation à la théorie de la décision. Il découvrira quelques grandes figures du domaine et disposera d''un aperçu sur les divers points de vue qui s''y affrontent. En fin de chapitre, des exercices d''applications lui permettront de se faire la main sur les notions examinées. A l''issue du périple, il sera à même d''évaluer l''ampleur du fameux problème philosophique de l''induction, ainsi que la portée de diverses tentatives censées le résoudre ou du moins le dissoudre. Aucune maîtrise préalable en logique formelle ou en mathématiques - hormis les quatre opérations ! - n''est requise pour prendre le risque de la lecture. Les certitudes se font rares dans un monde où nous sommes, toujours davantage, soumis au probable, aussi bien dans le registre du savoir que dans celui de l''action. Paradoxalement, le fait que l''incertain est maître de la nature comme de la société constitue l''une de celles qui organise nos existences. Si vivre c''est se résoudre à faire face au risque, il faudra sans doute se raccrocher à la survivante de l''infernale boîte de Pandore, l''espérance. La logique inductive fait en quelque sorte ce choix moins assurée que sa consœur déductive, elle fait cependant fructifier tout un nouveau style de rigueur venu maîtriser la probabilité au fil des quatre derniers siècles.

This is an introductory textbook on probability and induction written by one of the world''s foremost philosophers of science. The book has been designed to offer maximal accessibility to the widest range of students (not only those majoring in philosophy) and assumes no formal training in elementary symbolic logic. It offers a comprehensive course covering all basic definitions of induction and probability, and it considers such topics as decision theory, Bayesianism, frequency ideas, and the philosophical problem of induction. The key features of the book are a lively and vigorous prose style; lucid and systematic organisation and presentation of the ideas; many practical applications; a rich supply of exercises drawing on examples from such fields as psychology, ecology, economics, bioethics, engineering, and political science; numerous brief historical accounts of how fundamental ideas of probability and induction developed; a full bibliography of further reading. Although designed primarily for courses in philosophy, the book could certainly be read and enjoyed by those in the social sciences (particularly psychology, economics, political science and sociology) or medical sciences (such as epidemiology) seeking a reader-friendly account of the basic ideas of probability and induction.

An introductory 2001 textbook on probability and induction written by a foremost philosopher of science.

El autor cuestiona los argumentos más tradicionales sobre la naturaleza del conocimiento, abordando, entre otros temas, el estatus de las ciencias naturales, desde el conflicto entre los enfoques biológico y social de la enfermedad mental hasta los distintos conceptos de la investigación actual sobre la geología de los sedimentos, el abuso infantil y las formas en que la investigación sobre las nuevas armas influye en el contenido y la forma de la ciencia.

Lost in the raging debate over the validity of social construction is the question of what, precisely, is being constructed. Facts, gender, quarks, reality? Ian Hacking’s book explores an array of examples to reveal the deep issues underlying contentious accounts of reality—especially regarding the status of the natural sciences.

As Foucault once identified a politics that centers on the body and another that classifies and organizes the human population, Hacking has now provided a masterful description of the politics of memory: the scientizing of the soul and the wounds it can receive.

"It all began one morning last July when we noticed a young man of twenty-six crying in his bed in Dr. Pitre''s ward. He had just come from a long journey on foot and was exhausted, but that was not the cause of his tears. He wept because he could not prevent himself from departing on a trip when the need took him; he deserted family, work, and daily life to walk as fast as he could, straight ahead, sometimes doing 70 kilometers a day on foot, until in the end he would be arrested for vagrancy and thrown in prison." ?Dr. Philippe Tissie, July 1886 Thus begins the recorded case history of Albert Dadas, a native of France''s Bordeaux region and the first diagnosed mad traveler, or fuguer. An occasional employee of a local gas company, Dadas suffered from a strange compulsion that led him to travel obsessively, often without identification, not knowing who he was or why he traveled. He became notorious for his extraordinary expeditions to such far-reaching spots as Algeria, Moscow, and Constantinople. Medical reports of Dadas set off at the time of a small epidemic of compulsive mad voyagers, the epicenter of which was Bordeaux, but which soon spread throughout France to Italy, Germany, and Russia. Today we are similarly besieged by mental illnesses of the moment, such as chronic fatigue syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The debate rages about which of these conditions are affectations or cultural artifacts and which are "real." In Mad Travelers, Ian Hacking uses the Dadas case to weigh the legitimacy of cultural influences versus physical symptoms in the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. He argues that psychological symptoms find stable homes at a given place and time, in "ecological niches" where transient illnesses flourish. Using the records of Dadas''s physician, Philippe Tissie, Hacking attempts to make sense of this strange epidemic. While telling his fascinating tale, he raises probing questions about the nature of mental disorders, the cultural repercussions of their diagnosis, and the relevance of this century-old case study for today''s overanalyzed society.

This book combines detailed scientific historical research with characteristic philosophic breadth and verve.