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On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin''s book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.

In AD 523, when Boethius was imprisoned for a year as he awaited trial and, eventually, execution for the alleged crime of treason committed under the rule of the Ostrogothic King Theodoric the Great, he wrote On the Consolation of Philosophy.The author appeals to the Muses for assistance in writing poetry that adequately expresses his despair.The "wicked and unprincipled men" who rule Rome sentence, Boethius, to death. Boethius is promised by the philosophy that she would end his suffering, and she informs him that the "medicine" he requires is truth. They talk about Fortune, who they personify as a cruel goddess who arbitrarily moves individuals ahead or lower.The conversation in the book is between the author and a woman who symbolizes philosophy, according to Boethius. She contends that morality is all one possesses because it is unaffected by the ups and downs of life.Boethius talks about the nature of free will and predestination, the issue of evil, human nature, virtue, and justice. He queries if God has free will or if He sees and knows everything. According to Boethius, offenders should be handled with compassion and respect rather than mistreated.

This edition of The Book Of The Secrets Of Enoch was published in 1896. Translated by W. R. Morfill and edited by R. H. Charles.

The bulk of our new material is furnished by some early texts, written towards the close of the third millennium B.C. They incorporate traditions which extend in unbroken outline from their own period into the remote ages of the past, and claim to trace the history of man back to his creation. They represent the early national traditions of the Sumerian people, who preceded the Semites as the ruling race in Babylonia; and incidentally they necessitate a revision of current views with regard to the cradle of Babylonian civilization. The most remarkable of the new documents is one which relates in poetical narrative an account of the Creation, of Antediluvian history, and of the Deluge. It thus exhibits a close resemblance in structure to the corresponding Hebrew traditions, a resemblance that is not shared by the Semitic-Babylonian Versions at present known. But in matter the Sumerian tradition is more primitive than any of the Semitic versions. In spite of the fact that the text appears to have reached us in a magical setting, and to some extent in epitomized form, this early document enables us to tap the stream of tradition at a point far above any at which approach has hitherto been possible. Though the resemblance of early Sumerian tradition to that of the Hebrews is striking, it furnishes a still closer parallel to the summaries preserved from the history of Berossus. The huge figures incorporated in the latter''s chronological scheme are no longer to be treated as a product of Neo-Babylonian speculation; they reappear in their original surroundings in another of these early documents, the Sumerian Dynastic List. The sources of Berossus had inevitably been semitized by Babylon; but two of his three Antediluvian cities find their place among the five of primitive Sumerian belief, and two of his ten Antediluvian kings rejoin their Sumerian prototypes.