New Releases by Stephen Jay Gould

From fads to fungus, baseball to beeswax, Gould always circles back to the great themes of time, change, and history, carrying readers home to the centering theme of evolution.

Gould’s final essay collection is based on his remarkable series for Natural History magazine—exactly 300 consecutive essays, with never a month missed, published from 1974 to 2001. Both an intellectually thrilling journey into the nature of scientific discovery and the most personal book he ever published.

Gould shows why a more accurate way of understanding our world is to look at a given subject within its own context, to see it as a part of a spectrum of variation and then to reconceptualize trends as expansion or contraction of this “full house” of variation, and not as the progress or degeneration of an average value, or single thing.

Gould covers topics as diverse as episodes in the birth of paleontology to lessons from Britain’s four greatest Victorian naturalists. This collection presents the richness and fascination of the various lives that have fueled the enterprise of science and opened our eyes to a world of unexpected wonders.

This unique volume of 21 recent essays published in "Natural History" magazine consciously formulates a humanistic natural history, telling how humans have learned to study and understand nature, rather than a history of nature itself. 41 illustrations.

"Provocative and delightfully discursive essays on natural history. . . . Gould is the Stan Musial of essay writing. He can work himself into a corkscrew of ideas and improbable allusions paragraph after paragraph and then, uncoiling, hit it with such power that his fans know they are experiencing the game of essay writing at its best."--John Noble Wilford, New York Times Book Review

El título de este libro que no esperábamos es Érase una vez el zorro y el erizo, y su tema, la interacción entre ciencias y humanidades, los beneficios que ambas pueden extraer de una fructífera relación. Pocos temas podrían ser tan actuales para todos y más adecuados para Gould, científico y humanista; persona en la que la racionalidad analítica del magnífico biólogo evolutivo y paleontólogo que siempre fue, nunca ahogó una increíble erudición clásica e histórica, al igual que la capacidad de conmover con sus escritos y ser conmovido por la vida, por esa vida sobre la que tanto y tan bien escribió. Utiliza el zorro y el erizo como modelos y metáforas para la manera en que ciencias y humanidades pueden interactuar.

In 1972 Stephen Jay Gould took the scientific world by storm with his paper on punctuated equilibrium, written with Niles Eldredge. Challenging a core assumption of Darwin's theory of evolution, it launched the career of one of the most influential evolutionary biologists of our time--perhaps the best known since Darwin. Now, thirty-five years later, and five years after his untimely death, Punctuated Equilibrium (originally published as the central chapter of Gould's masterwork, The Structure of Evolutionary Theory) offers his only book-length testament on an idea he fiercely promoted, repeatedly refined, and tirelessly defended. Punctuated equilibrium holds that the great majority of species originate in geological moments (punctuations) and persist in stasis. The idea was hotly debated because it forced biologists to rethink entrenched ideas about evolutionary patterns and processes. But as Gould shows here in his typically exhaustive coverage, the idea has become the foundation of a new view of hierarchical selection and macroevolution. What emerges strikingly from this book is that punctuated equilibrium represents a much broader paradigm about the nature of change--a worldview that may be judged as a distinctive and important movement within recent intellectual history. Indeed we may now be living within a punctuation, and our awareness of what this means may be the enduring legacy of one of America's best-loved scientists.

This spotlight on an extraordinary mind collects the most entertaining and enlightening writings by the beloved paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and celebrant of the wonder of life. 20 illustrations.

L'auteur, paléontologiste américain, réexamine la théorie darwinienne et néo-darwinienne de l'évolution et propose une nouvelle théorie de l'évolution.

"This sparkling book romps over the range of science and anti-science." --Jared Diamond, author of Guns, Germs, and Steel Revised and Expanded Edition. In this age of supposed scientific enlightenment, many people still believe in mind reading, past-life regression theory, New Age hokum, and alien abduction. A no-holds-barred assault on popular superstitions and prejudices, with more than 80,000 copies in print, Why People Believe Weird Things debunks these nonsensical claims and explores the very human reasons people find otherworldly phenomena, conspiracy theories, and cults so appealing. In an entirely new chapter, "Why Smart People Believe in Weird Things," Michael Shermer takes on science luminaries like physicist Frank Tippler and others, who hide their spiritual beliefs behind the trappings of science. Shermer, science historian and true crusader, also reveals the more dangerous side of such illogical thinking, including Holocaust denial, the recovered-memory movement, the satanic ritual abuse scare, and other modern crazes. Why People Believe Strange Things is an eye-opening resource for the most gullible among us and those who want to protect them.

The world's most revered and eloquent interpreter of evolutionary ideas offers here a work of explanatory force unprecedented in our time--a landmark publication, both for its historical sweep and for its scientific vision. With characteristic attention to detail, Stephen Jay Gould first describes the content and discusses the history and origins of the three core commitments of classical Darwinism: that natural selection works on organisms, not genes or species; that it is almost exclusively the mechanism of adaptive evolutionary change; and that these changes are incremental, not drastic. Next, he examines the three critiques that currently challenge this classic Darwinian edifice: that selection operates on multiple levels, from the gene to the group; that evolution proceeds by a variety of mechanisms, not just natural selection; and that causes operating at broader scales, including catastrophes, have figured prominently in the course of evolution. Then, in a stunning tour de force that will likely stimulate discussion and debate for decades, Gould proposes his own system for integrating these classical commitments and contemporary critiques into a new structure of evolutionary thought. In 2001 the Library of Congress named Stephen Jay Gould one of America's eighty-three Living Legends--people who embody the "quintessentially American ideal of individual creativity, conviction, dedication, and exuberance." Each of these qualities finds full expression in this peerless work, the likes of which the scientific world has not seen--and may not see again--for well over a century.

O autor procura ampliar e aprofundar sua abordagem sobre a evolução, conceito central da ciência moderna.

" Ce septième volume de mes essais présente les conceptions évolutionnistes appliquées à de nouveaux sujets. Les uns relèvent de la réflexion intellectuelle, qu'ils soient tirés de la littérature, un domaine que je me prends à aimer de plus en plus, ou bien de l'astronomie et de la science des calendriers, des passions que je tiens de l'enfance et qui venaient, à cette époque, en deuxième position après la paléontologie, ou peut-être en quatrième, après le base-ball et la philatélie. Les autres thèmes nouveaux sont d'ordre social et politique, du rôle des muséums aux diverses facettes de l'eugénisme. Mais je reste toujours fidèle dans ce livre à mon sujet central, la théorie de l'évolution. J'y traite des problèmes du darwinisme et des modalités, souvent très surprenantes, du déroulement de l'évolution et j'y remets en question les idées traditionnelles. Finalement, en accord avec mon amour de l'histoire, j'ai illustré un grand nombre de mes thèmes de prédilection en montrant comment ils se sont exprimés dans la vie et l'œuvre de personnages fascinants, tels Laplace, Mary Shelley, Swift ou Poe. " S. J. G.

Scholars in the exact and social sciences join literary critics to consider the work of French author Michel Rio and to reflect on literature's place in intellectual discourse in an age dominated by science.

" Je ne suis pas un érudit, mais un artisan. " La formule, qui pourrait sembler faussement modeste, définit bien la stratégie de son auteur. Car Stephen Jay Gould est persuadé que ce n'est pas en se mesurant de front aux grandes questions - et la biologie de l'évolution, thème central de son oeuvre, en est une - que l'on parvient à coup sûr aux réflexions les plus profondes. Il préfère, quant à lui, partir de petites histoires d'apparence anodine, de ces " innombrables petits faits curieux " dont il tire, au terme d'une analyse pénétrante et pleine d'humour, les petits joyaux que sont les chroniques mensuelles qu'il écrit depuis bientôt vingt ans. Ce livre, qui en est le cinquième recueil, parle ainsi des règles du jeu de base-ball et de la mode des dinosaures, des claviers de machines à écrire et de la défaite du créationnisme, de la couleur des flamants roses et de la mort de Lavoisier. Autant de thèmes qui, pour Gould, " témoignent que Dieu réside vraiment dans les détails ".

In this tour-de-force of scientific and cultural insight, Gould discusses the history of life, of music, sport and other human achievements in his search for the meaning of excellence.

Stephen Jay Gould s'est imposé à la fois comme l'un des meilleurs paléontologues américains d'aujourd'hui et comme l'un de nos plus grands vulgarisateurs scientifiques. Un hérisson dans la tempête continue et amplifie la réflexion entreprise sur les sciences elles-mêmes et sur l'histoire de la vie. Dans la lignée du Pouce du Panda, il nous ouvre, avec esprit et verve, la perspective d'un évolutionnisme qui s'efforce de comprendre l'histoire dans ce qu'elle a d'irréductiblement contingent, mais aussi d'accessible à la raison. Le vieil aphorisme attribué à Archiloque dit: "Le renard sait beaucoup de choses, mais le hérisson sait quelque chose d'important". Le premier incarne la souplesse face à la complexité et à la diversité de notre monde, le second la cohérence. C'est cette double approche que Stephen Jay Gould préconise pour expliquer le devenir du vivant, tout en appréciant la diversité sous toutes ses formes, et pour éviter un rationalisme réducteur qui risque d'entraîner dans le piège de rêveries dangereuses.

A lavishly illustrated history makes use of the best new research and delicate paintings and line drawings to examine the varied forms of life over the past half a billion years and their relationship to the environment. Reprint.

Nas montanhas Rochosas canadianas formou-se há 530 milhões de anos o Xisto de Burgess, onde jazem os restos de um mar antigo que albergou mais seres vivos do que todos os que povoam actualmente os nossos oceanos - criaturas inacreditavelmente bem conservadas, como o estranho Opabinia, com cinco olhos, ou o Sidneyia, cujo tubo digestivo revela ainda a última refeição que tomou. A sua descoberta no início do século por Charles Walcott poderia ter revolucionado os conhecimentos sobre a evolução. Walcott não foi, porém, capaz de interpretar correctamente a mensagem inscrita nos fosséis de Burgess, tendo-os atribuído invariavelmente a filos conhecidos de anelídeos e artrópodes. E as coisas mantiveram-se assim até Harry Whittington ter resolvido abrir as gavetas de Walcott quarenta anos mais tarde. A história das razões que levaram ao fracasso de Walcott e ao êxito de Whittington constitui um dos melhores relatos de sempre sobre a ciência, a sociedade e nós próprios. Rompendo com a iconografia convencional - que representava a evolução como uma escada do progresso ou um cone de diversidade crescente -, as descobertas efectuadas no Xisto de Burgess vieram mostrar que as extinções têm, afinal, um carácter de lotaria, que a contingência desempenha na história um papel decisivo e que, assim, é bem provável que o ser humano só tenha aparecido por mero acaso.