New Releases by Steven Pinker

哈佛大學心理學大師 二十一世紀最重要公共知識分子 史迪芬．平克（Steven Pinker）最新著作 ❈ 當你知道我知道你知道，各種協調賽局才得以成立── 世界級語言與心智研究權威、對「人類如何理解他人」最精彩的回答 ❈ ★「這本書改變了我對人際互動的看法，我敢打賭，它也會改變你的想法。」 ——比爾・蓋茲（Bill Gates） 什麼是「共同知識」（Common Knowledge）？ 共同知識指的是每個人都知道某件事，並且知道別人也知道，別人也知道你知道──即「別人知道你知道他們知道你知道……」（這句型可無限延伸下去）。這解釋了我們如何無限地思考彼此的想法，且這樣的認知，無時無刻影響了我們的日常選擇。 共同知識為文明運轉的基石 你是否思考過為什麼大家都靠右行駛？為什麼紙幣能夠被信任？各種技術規格、週休假日的制定等，都是在眾多可能的選擇中產生穩定均勢。不僅法律與貨幣依賴共同知識，我們的社會合作網絡本質上都是各種協調賽局，透過尋找最能互利的選項，讓各方皆可受益。而協調賽局的成立皆仰賴「共同知識」的形成。 一場關於人類合作的思考 共同知識是賽局理論中的重要概念，揭露人際互動、理性決策和換位思考的內在規則與不確定性。本書涵蓋的議題包括金融危機、惡性通膨、加密貨幣、外交談判、取消文化、公民不服從與群眾憤怒等，這些看似分散的現象，平克以一貫的犀利筆觸與科學洞見，結合心理學、經濟學與歷史案例，揭示人類如何在「彼此知道彼此知道」的無限鏡像中，找到建立合作關係的聚焦點。這是十五年的研究結晶，也是他對「人類如何理解他人」最精彩的回答。 專業推薦 鉑澈行銷顧問策略長／劉奕酉 國立台灣大學心理系教授／謝伯讓 專文推薦 哈佛大學甘迺迪學院資深研究員、臺大兼任教授、度金針資本董事長／林益全 各界讚譽 「這本新作本可輕易顯得艱澀或抽象，[但] 卻注入了一股震撼的危機感、道德性與現實力量。」 ——《觀察家報》（The Observer, UK） 「引人入勝……為各種看似非理性的人類行為提供了一套合乎邏輯的解釋。」 ——《金融時報》（Financial Times） 「這是一篇展現其特有的清晰筆觸、由一位極具天賦的科普作者所完成的精彩論述……我們需要下一代的史迪芬‧平克。在一個只要能對著麥克風咆哮，就能自稱『公共知識分子』的年代，《共同知識》提醒了我們：真正的公共知識分子該是什麼樣子。」 ——《泰晤士報》（The Times）（UK） 「組織嚴謹、說明清楚…… 這位友善又略帶調皮自負的教授，確實別有一番魅力。」 ——《紐約時報》（The New York Times） 「一本充滿活力、學識豐富的著作。」 ——《經濟學人》（The Economist） 「清晰而審慎地討論了我們在彼此溝通時必須理解的核心議題…… 這本書既啟發人心又引人深思；借用平克自己的比喻，它確實值得與之共舞。」 ——《衛報》（The Guardian） 「輕鬆有趣，且富啟發性。」 ——《華爾街日報》（The Wall Street Journal） 「你覺得自己知道別人對你的想法有什麼想法嗎？事實上，你可能有誤會，而《共同知識》能告訴你問題出在哪裡。讀完本書，你會對人類行為形成一套嶄新的觀點。」 ──約拿·博格（Jonah Berger），著有紐約時報暢銷書《瘋潮行銷》與《如何改變一個人》 「史迪芬‧平克在這部知識經典深入淺出解釋為何共同知識是人類互動的成功關鍵。」 ──艾瑞克‧馬斯金（Eric Maskin），諾貝爾經濟學獎得主、哈佛大學教授

"From one of the world's most celebrated intellectuals, a brilliantly insightful work that explains how we think about each other's thoughts about each other's thoughts, ad infinitum. It sounds impossible, but Steven Pinker shows that we do it all the time. This awareness, which we experience as something that is public or "out there," is called common knowledge, and it has a momentous impact on our social, political, and economic lives"--

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER “In our uncertain age, which can so often feel so dark and disturbing, Steven Pinker has distinguished himself as a voice of positivity.” – New York Times Can reading a book make you more rational? Can it help us understand why there is so much irrationality in the world? Steven Pinker, author of Enlightenment Now (Bill Gates’s "new favorite book of all time”) answers all the questions here Today humanity is reaching new heights of scientific understanding--and also appears to be losing its mind. How can a species that developed vaccines for Covid-19 in less than a year produce so much fake news, medical quackery, and conspiracy theorizing? Pinker rejects the cynical cliché that humans are simply irrational--cavemen out of time saddled with biases, fallacies, and illusions. After all, we discovered the laws of nature, lengthened and enriched our lives, and set out the benchmarks for rationality itself. We actually think in ways that are sensible in the low-tech contexts in which we spend most of our lives, but fail to take advantage of the powerful tools of reasoning we’ve discovered over the millennia: logic, critical thinking, probability, correlation and causation, and optimal ways to update beliefs and commit to choices individually and with others. These tools are not a standard part of our education, and have never been presented clearly and entertainingly in a single book--until now. Rationality also explores its opposite: how the rational pursuit of self-interest, sectarian solidarity, and uplifting mythology can add up to crippling irrationality in a society. Collective rationality depends on norms that are explicitly designed to promote objectivity and truth. Rationality matters. It leads to better choices in our lives and in the public sphere, and is the ultimate driver of social justice and moral progress. Brimming with Pinker’s customary insight and humor, Rationality will enlighten, inspire, and empower.

Traditional Chinese Edition of Rationality: What It Is, Why It Seems Scarce, Why It Matters

De mensheid is slimmer dan ooit, maar lijkt zich tegelijkertijd te verliezen in nepnieuws en complottheorieën. Steven Pinker legt uit wat rationeel denken is en waarom we het nu zo hard nodig In ‘Rationaliteit’ legt Steven Pinker de belangrijkste instrumenten voor rationeel denken uit, leidt de lezer door de basisprincipes van logica, kritisch denken, waarschijnlijkheid, correlatie en causaliteit, en helpt ons om alleen en met anderen rationele keuzes te maken. Redelijkheid is de belangrijkste troef waarover burgers en bestuurders beschikken. Het onderwerp kan bijna niet actueler. Hoe is het mogelijk dat de menselijke soort de grootste wetenschappelijke inzichten heeft verworven en tevens almaar meer nepnieuws, complottheorieën als QAnon en post-truth-retoriek produceert? In de eenentwintigste eeuw bereikt de mensheid nieuwe hoogten van wetenschappelijk inzicht – en lijkt tegelijkertijd haar verstand te verliezen. Na Verlichting nu, waarin Steven Pinker de menselijke vooruitgang bezong, laat hij nu zien hoe we rationaliteit in ons leven en in de publieke sfeer kunnen versterken.

Nachdem Bestseller-Autor Steven Pinker die Aufklärung verteidigt hat, zeigt er nun in seinem neuen Buch die Bedeutung von Rationalität. Denn nur mit ihr kann man sich orientieren in einer Welt, die aus den Fugen zu geraten droht. Durch Rationalität entdeckt der Mensch Naturgesetze, fliegt zum Mond und entwickelt in kürzester Zeit Impfstoffe. Auch wenn manche Menschen an Verschwörungstheorien und Fake-News glauben – der Mensch ist rational. Das unterscheidet ihn von allen anderen Lebewesen. Steven Pinker verteidigt aber nicht nur die Rationalität und zeigt ihre Stärken auf; er erläutert auch die wichtigsten Werkzeuge für rationales Denken. Er führt den Leser durch die Grundlagen der Logik und des kritischen Denkens, er erklärt Wahrscheinlichkeit und die Rolle des Zufalls, das Verhältnis von Glaube und Evidenz, Risiko und Statistik. Nach diesem Grundkurs in Rationalität sind wir gewappnet, rationale Entscheidungen allein und mit anderen viel besser treffen zu können. Denn Rationalität ist immer noch das beste Werkzeug, um unser Schicksal in die Hand zu nehmen.

Tényleg darabokra hullik a világ? A haladás eszméje idejétmúlt? A harmadik évezred emberi állapotának ebben az elegáns körüljárásában a kogníciókutató és közéleti értelmiségi Steven Pinker arra biztat bennünket, hogy szemléljük kissé távolabbról a véres főcímeket és a romlásról szóló próféciákat, mert ezek csak a pszichológiai hajlamainkra játszanak rá. Ehelyett nézzük inkább az adatokat: hetvenöt meggyőző grafikon segítségével Pinker megmutatja, hogy az élet, az egészség, a jólét, a biztonság, a béke, a tudás és a boldogság terén is egyre jobb a helyzet, és nemcsak Nyugaton, hanem világszerte. Ez a haladás nem valamilyen kozmikus erő eredménye. A felvilágosodásnak köszönhetjük: a meggyőződésnek, hogy az értelem és a tudomány előmozdítja az emberiség felvirágzását. Amint ma már tudjuk, a felvilágosodás távolról sem bizonyult naiv reménynek, hanem valóban működött. Mégis erőteljes védelemre szorul - jobban, mint valaha. A felvilágosodás eszmerendszere az emberi természet olyan áramlataival megy szembe, mint a tribalizmus, a tekintélyelvűség, a démonizálás, a mágikus gondolkodás, amelyeket a demagógok nagyon is szeretnek kihasználni. Sok - politikai, vallásos vagy romantikus ideológia iránt elkötelezett - kommentátor folytat ellene utóvédharcot. Ennek eredménye az ártalmas fatalizmus, valamint a globális együttműködés és a liberális demokrácia értékes intézményeinek rombolására való késztetés. Lenyűgöző intelligenciájával és irodalmi érzékével Steven Pinker védelmébe veszi az értelmet, a tudományt és a humanizmust: az ideálokat, amelyek szükségesek ahhoz, hogy szembenézhessünk problémáinkkal, és tovább tudjunk fejlődni.

INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER A NEW YORK TIMES NOTABLE BOOK OF 2018 ONE OF THE ECONOMIST'S BOOKS OF THE YEAR "My new favorite book of all time." --Bill Gates If you think the world is coming to an end, think again: people are living longer, healthier, freer, and happier lives, and while our problems are formidable, the solutions lie in the Enlightenment ideal of using reason and science. By the author of the new book, Rationality. Is the world really falling apart? Is the ideal of progress obsolete? In this elegant assessment of the human condition in the third millennium, cognitive scientist and public intellectual Steven Pinker urges us to step back from the gory headlines and prophecies of doom, which play to our psychological biases. Instead, follow the data: In seventy-five jaw-dropping graphs, Pinker shows that life, health, prosperity, safety, peace, knowledge, and happiness are on the rise, not just in the West, but worldwide. This progress is not the result of some cosmic force. It is a gift of the Enlightenment: the conviction that reason and science can enhance human flourishing. Far from being a naïve hope, the Enlightenment, we now know, has worked. But more than ever, it needs a vigorous defense. The Enlightenment project swims against currents of human nature--tribalism, authoritarianism, demonization, magical thinking--which demagogues are all too willing to exploit. Many commentators, committed to political, religious, or romantic ideologies, fight a rearguard action against it. The result is a corrosive fatalism and a willingness to wreck the precious institutions of liberal democracy and global cooperation. With intellectual depth and literary flair, Enlightenment Now makes the case for reason, science, and humanism: the ideals we need to confront our problems and continue our progress.

Pour beaucoup, le monde est au bord du gouffre, menacé par le terrorisme, les guerres, les migrations et les apocalypses. Pourtant, jamais l’humanité n’a vécu une période aussi paisible et heureuse : chiffres à l’appui, ce livre montre que la santé, la prospérité, la sécurité et la paix sont en hausse dans le monde entier. Ce progrès est un legs du siècle des Lumières, animé par des idéaux puissants : la raison, la science et l’humanisme. C’est peut-être le plus grand succès de l’histoire de l’humanité. Cependant, plus que jamais, ces valeurs ont besoin d’une défense vigoureuse. Car le projet des Lumières va à contre-courant de la nature humaine, de ses tendances au tribalisme, à l’autoritarisme et à la pensée magique : autant de biais qui nourrissent les populismes et les dérives religieuses. Steven Pinker remonte aux sources de la peur : les humains sont-ils intrinsèquement irrationnels ? L’avenir est-il menacé par l’épuisement des ressources ? Comment juguler les dangers climatiques ? Avons-nous besoin de la religion pour fonder une morale ? Faut-il avoir peur de l’intelligence artificielle ? Etc. Avec rigueur, profondeur et, souvent, humour, Steven Pinker propose ici un plaidoyer pour la raison, la science et l’humanisme. Ces idéaux sont nécessaires pour relever les défis d’aujourd’hui et avancer sur la voie du progrès. Car le catastrophisme est dangereux pour la démocratie et la coopération mondiale.

Si creías que el mundo estaba llegando a su fin, esto te interesa: vivimos más años y la salud nos acompaña, somos más libres y, en definitiva, más felices; y aunque los problemas a los que nos enfrentamos son extraordinarios, las soluciones residen en el ideal de la Ilustración: el uso de la razón y la ciencia. En esta elegante evaluación de la condición humana en el tercer milenio, el científico cognitivo e intelectual Steven Pinker nos insta a ver con otra perspectiva los titulares alarmistas y las profecías de la perdición que juegan con nuestros prejuicios psicológicos. En cambio, haciendo uso de datos empíricos, muestra que la vida, la salud, la prosperidad, la seguridad, la paz, el conocimiento y la felicidad van en aumento, no solo en Occidente, sino en todo el mundo. Este progreso no es el resultado de alguna fuerza cósmica. Es un regalo de la Ilustración: la convicción de que la razón y la ciencia pueden mejorar el florecimiento humano. Lejos de ser una esperanza ingenua, la Ilustración, ahora lo sabemos, ha funcionado. Pero hoy más que nunca necesita que la defendamos con vigor. Con profundidad intelectual y estilo literario, En defensa de la Ilustración defiende la razón, la ciencia y el humanismo: los ideales que necesitamos para enfrentar nuestros problemas y continuar nuestro progreso.

Experimenteel psycholoog Steven Pinker verdedigt in zijn boek 'Verlichting nu' vurig de waarden van de Verlichting. Met behulp van de wetenschap en het humanisme zullen we de problemen die we hebben als mensheid oplossen en verder gaan op het pad van de vooruitgang. Wie de krant erop naslaat, is geneigd te denken dat de wereld gedoemd is ten onder te gaan, of dat de periode van vooruitgang voorgoed voorbij is Steven Pinker laat zich echter niet gek maken en kijkt naar de feiten. En die zijn hoopvol. We worden gezonder, rijker, leven meer in vrede, en zijn zelfs steeds gelukkiger. En dat is niet alleen zo in het rijke Westen, maar overal ter wereld. De oorzaak? Het vertrouwen in wetenschap en redelijk denken dat sinds de Verlichting steeds wijder is verspreid. Wat wel waar is: die Verlichting staat onder druk. Er is scepsis tegen wetenschap, en demagogen proberen het vertrouwen in redelijk denken te ondermijnen. Bron: Flaptekst, uitgeversinformatie.

Aussi incroyable que cela paraisse, nous vivons l'époque la moins violente et la plus paisible de toute l'histoire de l'humanité. S'appuyant sur des milliers d'études, plus de trente années de recherches et des statistiques incontestables, Steven Pinker montre que, malgré le terrorisme, malgré les conflits contemporains, la violence n'a cessé de diminuer dans le monde au cours des siècles. Des premiers mythes aux grandes conquêtes planétaires, des Croisades à l'Inquisition, de l'esclavage aux conflits du xxe siècle, Steven Pinker revisite notre histoire. Il explore la nature humaine, nous entraînant, au fil d'un récit passionnant, dans la révolution humaniste qui a permis aux idées des Lumières de progresser. Il montre comment les échanges commerciaux, les organisations internationales et les récentes révolutions des droits (des minorités ethniques, des homosexuels, des femmes, des enfants et des animaux) nous ont conduits à privilégier " la part d'ange en nous ", selon le mot d'Abraham Lincoln. Et à céder le pas aux motivations d'altruisme et de coopération inhérentes à notre nature. Ce livre au carrefour de la psychologie et de l'histoire a été traduit dans dix-sept pays et acclamé par les plus grandes universités du monde. " Un ouvrage hors du commun, qui nous éclaire sur les dangers des dogmatismes et nous évite de sombrer dans le syndrome du mauvais monde. " Matthieu Ricard

Taalfilosofische studie over wat wij uit de taal kunnen opmaken over de menselijke natuur.

"If you are not already a Steven Pinker addict, this book will make you one." -- Jared Diamond In Words and Rules, Steven Pinker explores profound mysteries of language by picking a deceptively simple phenomenon -- regular and irregular verbs -- and examining it from every angle. With humor and verve, he covers an astonishing array of topics in the sciences and humanities, from the history of languages to how to simulate languages on computers to major ideas in the history of Western philosophy. Through it all, Pinker presents a single, powerful idea: that language comprises a mental dictionary of memorized words and a mental grammar of creative rules. The idea extends beyond language and offers insight into the very nature of the human mind. This is a sparkling, eye-opening, and utterly original book by one of the world's leading cognitive scientists.

From the author of Enlightenment Now, a short and entertaining book on the modern art of writing well by New York Times bestselling author Steven Pinker. Why is so much writing so bad, and how can we make it better? Is the English language being corrupted by texting and social media? Do the kids today even care about good writing? Why should any of us care? In The Sense of Style, the bestselling linguist and cognitive scientist Steven Pinker answers these questions and more. Rethinking the usage guide for the twenty-first century, Pinker doesn’t carp about the decline of language or recycle pet peeves from the rulebooks of a century ago. Instead, he applies insights from the sciences of language and mind to the challenge of crafting clear, coherent, and stylish prose. In this short, cheerful, and eminently practical book, Pinker shows how writing depends on imagination, empathy, coherence, grammatical knowhow, and an ability to savor and reverse engineer the good prose of others. He replaces dogma about usage with reason and evidence, allowing writers and editors to apply the guidelines judiciously, rather than robotically, being mindful of what they are designed to accomplish. Filled with examples of great and gruesome prose, Pinker shows us how the art of writing can be a form of pleasurable mastery and a fascinating intellectual topic in its own right.

Language, Cognition, and Human Nature collects together for the first time much of Steven Pinker's most influential scholarly work on language and cognition. Pinker's seminal research explores the workings of language and its connections to cognition, perception, social relationships, child development, human evolution, and theories of human nature. This eclectic collection spans Pinker's thirty-year career, exploring his favorite themes in greater depth and scientific detail. It includes thirteen of Pinker's classic articles, ranging over topics such as language development in children, mental imagery, the recognition of shapes, the computational architecture of the mind, the meaning and uses of verbs, the evolution of language and cognition, the nature-nurture debate, and the logic of innuendo and euphemism. Each outlines a major theory or takes up an argument with another prominent scholar, such as Stephen Jay Gould, Noam Chomsky, or Richard Dawkins. Featuring a new introduction by Pinker that discusses his books and scholarly work, this collection reflects essential contributions to cognitive science by one of our leading thinkers and public intellectuals.

A classic book about language acquisition and conceptual structure, with a new preface by the author, "The Secret Life of Verbs." Before Steven Pinker wrote bestsellers on language and human nature, he wrote several technical monographs on language acquisition that have become classics in cognitive science. Learnability and Cognition, first published in 1989, brought together two big topics: how do children learn their mother tongue, and how does the mind represent basic categories of meaning such as space, time, causality, agency, and goals? The stage for this synthesis was set by the fact that when children learn a language, they come to make surprisingly subtle distinctions: pour water into the glass and fill the glass with water sound natural, but pour the glass with water and fill water into the glass sound odd. How can this happen, given that children are not reliably corrected for uttering odd sentences, and they don't just parrot back the correct ones they hear from their parents? Pinker resolves this paradox with a theory of how children acquire the meaning and uses of verbs, and explores that theory's implications for language, thought, and the relationship between them. As Pinker writes in a new preface, "The Secret Life of Verbs," the phenomena and ideas he explored in this book inspired his 2007 bestseller The Stuff of Thought: Language as a Window into Human Nature. These technical discussions, he notes, provide insight not just into language acquisition but into literary metaphor, scientific understanding, political discourse, and even the conceptions of sexuality that go into obscenity.

Em seu primeiro discurso como presidente dos Estados Unidos, em 1861, Abraham Lincoln apelou aos "anjos bons de nossa natureza" quando pediu à região sul do país, escravagista, que evitasse uma guerra contra o norte abolicionista. Sua súplica não foi atendida, e os americanos deram início ao conflito mais mortal de sua história. Banhos de sangue como a Guerra Civil Americana, porém, estão cada vez mais restritos ao passado, e estudiosos tentam hoje entender por que a sociedade contemporânea recorre menos à violência para resolver disputas. Em 'Os anjos bons da nossa natureza', o psicólogo canadense Steven Pinker toma para si o desafio duplo de responder a essa questão e de explicar as razões pelas quais as pessoas têm trilhado o caminho da paz com mais frequência, seja nas relações interpessoais, seja na diplomacia global. Não é fácil enxergar essa tendência, reconhece Pinker. A constatação de que a taxa de homicídios em países europeus caiu entre 90% e 98% desde a Idade Média, por exemplo, acaba sendo ofuscada pelo fato de que o continente passou pelo maior genocídio de sua história há menos de um século. Como teste de sanidade, o autor se respalda nas mais completas fontes de informação disponíveis para enxergar o processo de pacificação. Os anjos bons da nossa natureza cobre toda a escala de tempo da história humana, baseando-se em levantamentos de dados em arqueologia, estatísticas de criminalidade, contagens de baixas em guerras e outras formas de registro da violência. Numa empreitada multidisciplinar que envolve história, ciências sociais e psicologia, o autor constrói uma teoria robusta e coerente, que já constitui referência fundamental sobre o assunto. Mantendo o estilo afiado de seus livros anteriores, Pinker se destaca por sua clareza de argumentação, que é acessível ao público geral mas não recorre a banalizações. No trajeto do livro, o autor analisa os diferentes períodos históricos em que a pacificação progrediu e mostra quais aspectos da natureza humana estiveram em jogo durante esses processos. "Anjos" da empatia, do autocontrole, do senso moral e da razão lutam pela natureza humana contra "demônios" como o da predação, o da vingança e o do sadismo. Da interação desses sentimentos com cada momento histórico é que Pinker desenvolve uma teoria para descrever quais forças sociais e psicológicas moveram a saga da violência.

Il XX secolo, con lo spaventoso numero di vittime provocate da due guerre mondiali e vari genocidi, è stato definito "il secolo più violento della storia", e l'alba del nuovo millennio sembra prefigurare scenari non meno inquietanti, diffondendo ovunque una crescente sensazione di insicurezza e paura. Eppure, anche se può sembrare incredibile, in passato la vita sul nostro pianeta è stata di gran lunga più violenta e spietata, e quella che stiamo vivendo è probabilmente "l'era più pacifica della storia della nostra specie". A sostenere questa tesi in apparenza paradossale e destinata a far discutere è Steven Pinker, il quale dimostra, statistiche alla mano, che il calo della violenza può essere addirittura quantificato. E le cifre che fornisce sono impressionanti. Le guerre tribali hanno causato, in rapporto alla popolazione mondiale del tempo, quasi il decuplo dei morti delle guerre e dei genocidi del Novecento. Il tasso di omicidi nell'Europa medievale era oltre trenta volte quello attuale. Schiavitù, torture, pene atroci ed esecuzioni capitali per futili motivi sono state per millenni ordinaria amministrazione, salvo poi essere bandite, nel volgere di un paio di secoli, dagli ordinamenti giuridici e dalla coscienza collettiva di tutte le nazioni democratiche. Oggi, invece, i conflitti fra paesi sviluppati sono scomparsi, e anche il tributo di sangue di quelli nel Terzo mondo è infinitamente minore rispetto a soli pochi decenni fa. Inoltre, delitti, crimini d'odio, linciaggi, pogrom, stupri, abusi sui minori, crudeltà verso gli animali sono tutti significativamente diminuiti dopo l'emanazione delle prime carte dei diritti dell'età moderna. Ma che cosa ha determinato questo declino della violenza, se nel frattempo la mente e il cuore dell'uomo sono rimasti più o meno gli stessi? Secondo Pinker, tale processo di portata epocale è dovuto al trionfo dei "migliori angeli" della nostra natura (empatia, autocontrollo, moralità e ragione) sui nostri "demoni interiori" (predazione, dominanza, vendetta, sadismo e ideologia), un trionfo reso possibile dalle istanze civilizzatrici su cui l'Occidente ha fondato la propria identità: monopolio statale dell'impiego legittimo della forza, alfabetizzazione, cosmopolitismo, libertà di commercio, "femminizzazione" della società, e un uso sempre più ampio della razionalità nell'agire economico e nel dibattito pubblico. Così, prendere atto della graduale riduzione di tutte le forme di violenza nel corso della storia non solo rende ai nostri occhi il passato meno innocente e il presente meno sinistro, ma ci costringe a ripensare radicalmente le nostre più profonde convinzioni sul progresso, la modernità e la natura umana.

Faced with the ceaseless stream of news about war, crime, and terrorism, one could easily think this is the most violent age ever seen. Yet as bestselling author Pinker shows in this startling and engaging new work, just the opposite is true.