New Releases by Matt Ridley

Nová kniha známého britského zoologa a popularizátora vědy navazuje na bestsellery Racionální optimista a Evoluce všeho, v nichž líčí cestu lidstva od doby kamenné k současné prosperitě. Základním faktorem na této cestě jsou inovace, záhadný a nedoceňovaný proces, který vskrytu formuje historii lidské civilizace a je obdobou biologické evoluce. Inovace se zásadně liší od vynálezů, protože při nich nevzniká něco zcela nového, ale již existující vynálezy a myšlenky se přetvářejí ve spolehlivé, prakticky upotřebitelné a masově dostupné věci. Jde o postupný, nepředvídatelný, zdola poháněný proces, který často provází šťastná náhoda. Inovace také nejsou dílem jednotlivců, ale plodem spolupráce a výměny myšlenek mnoha lidí. V řadě příběhů se seznámíme s inovacemi od vzniku zemědělství přes parní stroj a očkování až po sociální média a sdílenou ekonomiku. Vůbec první a nejdůležitější inovací je však z hlediska planety Země vznik života samotného.Vychází ve spolupráci s nakladatelstvím Argo.

In his new book, acclaimed science writer Matt Ridley looks to the peculiar mating rituals of birds to better understand the rich origins and ongoing significance of Darwin''s sexual selection theory. ''FASCINATING'' The Times

"Chan and Ridley write with an urgency...that inspires gripping depictions of what viruses are, how infectious-disease laboratories work and wonderfully lucid descriptions of bats. . . . They powerfully recount how dangerous pathogens can both leak from a lab and emerge in nature." (New York Times Book Review) Understanding how Covid-19 started is crucial for the future of humankind. Viral is the most incisive and authoritative book about the search for the source of the virus. A new virus descended on the human species in 2019 wreaking unprecedented havoc. Finding out where it came from and how it first jumped into people is an urgent priority, but early expectations that this would prove an easy question to answer have been dashed. Nearly two years into the pandemic, the crucial mystery of the origin of SARS-CoV-2 is not only unresolved but has deepened. In this uniquely insightful book, a scientist and a writer join forces to try to get to the bottom of how a virus whose closest relations live in bats in subtropical southern China somehow managed to begin spreading among people more than 1,500 kilometres away in the city of Wuhan. They grapple with the baffling fact that the virus left none of the expected traces that such outbreaks usually create: no infected market animals or wildlife, no chains of early cases in travellers to the city, no smouldering epidemic in a rural area, no rapid adaptation of the virus to its new host—human beings. To try to solve this pressing mystery, Viral delves deep into the events of 2019 leading up to 2021, the details of what went on in animal markets and virology laboratories, the records and data hidden from sight within archived Chinese theses and websites, and the clues that can be coaxed from the very text of the virus’s own genetic code. The result is a gripping detective story that takes the reader deeper and deeper into a metaphorical cave of mystery. One by one the authors explore promising tunnels only to show that they are blind alleys, until, miles beneath the surface, they find themselves tantalisingly close to a shaft that leads to the light. Lab Leak vs. Natural Origin: Follow the evidence as the authors rigorously investigate both possibilities—a natural spillover from an animal or an accidental leak from a lab—without bias. Deep Investigation: Go beyond the headlines with a meticulous dive into hidden data from archived Chinese theses, scientific publications, and secret websites to piece together what really happened in 2019. The Bat Coronavirus Mystery: Unravel the puzzle of how a virus whose closest known relatives live in bats in southern China began spreading in Wuhan, over 1,500 kilometers away. Gain-of-Function Research: Examine the high-stakes world of virology, where scientists alter pathogens to understand them, and explore the risks and debates surrounding this controversial work.

''Ridley is spot-on when it comes to the vital ingredients for success'' Sir James Dyson Building on his bestseller The Rational Optimist, Matt Ridley chronicles the history of innovation, and how we need to change our thinking on the subject. Innovation is the main event of the modern age, the reason we experience both dramatic improvements in our living standards and unsettling changes in our society. It is innovation that will shape the twenty-first century. Yet innovation remains a mysterious process, poorly understood by policy makers and businessmen alike. Matt Ridley argues that we need to see innovation as an incremental, bottom-up, fortuitous process that happens as a direct result of the human habit of exchange, rather than an orderly, top-down process developing according to a plan. Innovation is crucially different from invention, because it is the turning of inventions into things of practical and affordable use to people. It speeds up in some sectors and slows down in others. It is always a collective, collaborative phenomenon, involving trial and error, not a matter of lonely genius. It still cannot be modelled properly by economists, but it can easily be discouraged by politicians. Far from there being too much innovation, we may be on the brink of an innovation famine. Ridley derives these and other lessons from the lively stories of scores of innovations - from steam engines to search engines - how they started and why they succeeded or failed.

Building on his national bestseller The Rational Optimist, Matt Ridley chronicles the history of innovation, and how we need to change our thinking on the subject. Innovation is the main event of the modern age, the reason we experience both dramatic improvements in our living standards and unsettling changes in our society. Forget short-term symptoms like Donald Trump and Brexit, it is technological progress that will shape the twenty-first century. Yet innovation remains a mysterious process, poorly understood by policy makers and businessmen alike. Matt Ridley argues that we need to see innovation as an incremental, bottom-up, fortuitous process that happens as a direct result of the human habit of exchange, rather than an orderly, top-down process developing according to a plan. Innovation is crucially different from invention, because it is the turning of inventions into things of practical and affordable use to people. It speeds up in some sectors and slows down in others. It is always a collective, collaborative phenomenon—a core tenet of business history—involving trial and error, not a matter of lonely genius. It happens mainly in just a few parts of the world at any one time. It still cannot be modeled properly by economists, but it can easily be discouraged by politicians. Far from there being too much innovation, we may be on the brink of an innovation famine. Ridley derives these and other lessons from the lively stories of scores of innovations, how they started and why they succeeded or failed. Some of the innovation stories he tells are about steam engines, jet engines, search engines, airships, coffee, potatoes, vaping, vaccines, cuisine, antibiotics, mosquito nets, turbines, propellers, fertilizer, zero, computers, dogs, farming, fire, genetic engineering, gene editing, container shipping, railways, cars, safety rules, wheeled suitcases, mobile phones, corrugated iron, powered flight, chlorinated water, toilets, vacuum cleaners, shale gas, the telegraph, radio, social media, block chain, the sharing economy, artificial intelligence, fake bomb detectors, phantom games consoles, fraudulent blood tests, hyperloop tubes, herbicides, copyright, and even life itself. Ridley unpacks the surprising patterns behind human ingenuity, revealing: A Bottom-Up Process: Discover why true innovation is not a planned, top-down event but a gradual, collaborative phenomenon that emerges from the human habit of exchange. Invention vs. Innovation: Learn the crucial difference between a new idea and the messy, trial-and-error journey of turning it into something practical, affordable, and useful for everyone. The Real History of Technology: Journey through the lively stories of transformative innovations—from steam engines and vaccines to search engines and gene editing—and see for yourself why they succeeded or failed. An Innovation Famine: Understand the forces that discourage progress and why, far from having too much innovation, we may be on the brink of a shortage.

Almost every schoolchild learns that Thomas Edison invented the light bulb. But did he? And if he hadn’t invented it, would we be still living in the dark? Acclaimed author Matt Ridley (The Rational Optimist, The Evolution of Everything) explains that at least 20 other people can lay claim to this breakthrough moment. Ridley argues that the light bulb emerged from the combined technologies and accumulated knowledge of the day – it was bound to emerge sooner or later. Based on his 2018 Hayek Memorial Lecture, Ridley contends that innovation – from invention through to development and commercialisation – is the most important unsolved problem in all of human society. We rely on it – but we do not fully understand it, we cannot predict it and we cannot direct it. In How Many Light Bulbs Does It Take to Change the World? Ridley examines the nature of innovation – and how people often fear its consequences. He dispels the myth that automation destroys jobs – and demonstrates how innovation leads to economic growth. And he argues that intellectual property rights, originally intended to encourage innovation, are now being used by big business to defend their monopolies. Ridley concludes that innovation is a mysterious and under-appreciated process that we discuss too rarely, hamper too much and value too little.

?◆《23對染色體》、《天性與教養》、《世界，沒你想的那麼糟！》暢銷科普作家 馬特．瑞德利 最新著作 演化的觀念不只發生在生物學中，它能解釋人類世界與自然世界種種變化， 影響力無遠弗屆，超乎你的想像！ 人們在解釋自然和人類世界的種種現象時，總是忍不住陷入一個迷思，他們會假設世界的森羅萬象都是人甚或神的施設造作：宇宙和生命是神創造出來的；語言、道德、宗教、法律是聖人創業垂統的結果；人天生是一張白紙，後天環境決定人格的形成；而科技甚至網路的出現，則都要歸功於某些科學家。他們甚至相信，政府的干預可以改善教育、經濟和貨幣問題。 但是暢銷科普作家馬特．瑞德利引用科學、經濟、歷史、政治和哲學的證據，以其趣味盎然的生花妙筆告訴我們：不管是自然現象或人類文明，其實都是自然的、突現的現象。它們是演化的結果，是漸進的、按部就班的，有自己的動能，並非一夕之間創造出來的。而大部分的人類世界則都是人類行為互動的結果，不是有目的的設計和干預。 這就是瑞德利所謂的「廣義演化論」。他認為，達爾文的天擇理論可以說是狹義的演化論，但廣義演化論則適用於社會、貨幣、科技、語言、法律、文化、教育和道德等等領域，讓我們得以破除迷思，建構起真正科學的世界觀。 【專文推薦】 楊倍昌╱國立成功大學醫學院微生物暨免疫學研究所教授、台灣科技與社會學會理事長 【各界好評】 「一種極有智慧且打破偶像崇拜的世界觀，督促我們用新的觀點來看待生命。」 ——《紐約時報書評》（New York Times Book Review） 「他認為，我們生活在一個自下而上的世界??並且提出令人信服的理由。這本傑出作品可說是自瑞德利的其他著作演化而來，如《世界，沒你想的那麼糟》或是《德性起源》，現在他擴展到所有知識領域，並探討新想法是如何湧現的??瑞德利積累出種種極具分量的證據和軼事，趣味橫生，讓人手不釋卷。」 ——《泰晤士報》（The Times） 「這本書不可小覷（瑞德利選用萬物一詞並不誇張），顯然是出自一位博學之士，他詳讀了奇聞軼事、新聞舊事。更重要的是，讀來不讓人覺得這是因應一項委託計畫所寫的書，他慢慢發展自己的論點，時而嘗試，時而還否決自己的想法。就跟大自然一樣，這過程經常會產生美妙的作品。」 ——《文學評論》（Literary Review） 「本書展現出瑞德利對許多不同領域廣泛和深入的了解。作者行文暢快、文筆優美，讀者閱讀後肯定能感到耳目一新，並且開始質疑自己原先的看法。」 ——《展望》（Prospect） 「力透紙背，這本書是瑞德利先生截至目前為止最好、最重要的一本著作??書中具有深刻的民主和平思想乃至於反精英的論調，在這種自下而上的方式裡，每個人在世界的變革中都扮演一定的角色。」 ——《華爾街日報》（Wall Street Journal） 「這是相當特殊的一本書：非常容易閱讀、容易理解、容易體會??在探討此一主題的諸多優良著作中，《無所不在的演化》可說是當中最好的，以冠軍之姿出現，傑出地闡明演化現象在人類世界的普遍性。」 ——《華盛頓時報》（Washington Times） 「可讀性高，饒富趣味??瑞德利的寫作目標值得稱讚，他試圖將我們從直觀的創造論中釋放出來，讓世人看到演化的運作無所不在??瑞德利的書成功達到他的目的??他擁有罕見的能力，能夠以不同的眼光看世界，看出這世界不是由什麼偉人所創造，而是在沒有方向性的變化中逐漸形成。」 ——《新科學家》（New Scientist） 「瑞德利揭示出，即使對最忠實的演化論者而言，要完全拋棄在高處有智能者指導的概念都是非常不容易的事??然而，這正是我們所看到的確鑿證據??瑞德利在每一章引用各種論證使我們能充分理解。」 ——《美國書訊》（Booklist） 「傑出的研究??迷人??發人深省??難以釋卷。」 ——《柯克斯評論》（Kirkus） 「令人印象深刻??喜好演化理論、社會學、歷史學、人類學和哲學的讀者，拿起這本發人深省的書應當會十分開心陶醉。」 ——《圖書館學刊》（Library Journal） 出版社 商周出版 (城邦)

Als er één hardnekkige mythe over de wereld bestaat, dan is het dat we allemaal aannemen dat wij mensen kunnen plannen hoe de wereld zich ontwikkelt. Matt Ridley betoogt echter dat ‘evolutie’ het sleutelbegrip is om te kunnen begrijpen hoe en waarom onze wereld verandert. Dit geldt niet alleen voor de natuur, maar ook voor vrijwel alles in de menselijke cultuur, van politiek, moraliteit en technologie tot geld, filosofie en religie. Dit zijn allemaal evolutionaire fenomenen. Ze ontvouwen zich, geleidelijk, ongericht, aanzwellend, gestuurd door een natuurlijke selectie onder concurrerende ideeën. Natuurlijk hebben individuen invloed, net als politieke partijen en grote bedrijven. Maar in De evolutie van alles maakt Ridley duidelijk dat onze wereld weliswaar het product is van menselijk handelen, maar niet van menselijk ontwerp.

Progress. It is one of the animating concepts of the modern era. From the Enlightenment onwards, the West has had an enduring belief that through the evolution of institutions, innovations, and ideas, the human condition is improving. This process is supposedly accelerating as new technologies, individual freedoms, and the spread of global norms empower individuals and societies around the world. But is progress inevitable? Its critics argue that human civilization has become different, not better, over the last two and a half centuries. What is seen as a breakthrough or innovation in one period becomes a setback or limitation in another. In short, progress is an ideology not a fact; a way of thinking about the world as opposed to a description of reality. In the seventeenth semi-annual Munk Debates, which was held in Toronto on November 6, 2015, pioneering cognitive scientist Steven Pinker and bestselling author Matt Ridley squared off against noted philosopher Alain de Botton and bestselling author Malcolm Gladwell to debate whether humankind’s best days lie ahead.

"Progress. It is one of the animating concepts of the modern era. From the Enlightenment onwards, the West has had an enduring belief that through the evolution of institutions, innovations, and ideas, the human condition is improving. This process is supposedly accelerating as new technologies, individual freedoms, and the spread of global norms empower individuals and societies around the world. But is progress inevitable? Its critics argue that human civilization has become different, not better, over the last two and a half centuries. What is seen as a breakthrough or innovation in one period becomes a setback or limitation in another. In short, progress is an ideology not a fact; a way of thinking about the world as opposed to a description of reality. In the seventeenth semi-annual Munk Debates, which was held in Toronto on November 6, 2015, pioneering cognitive scientist Steven Pinker and best-selling author Matt Ridley squared off against noted philosopher Alain de Botton and best-selling author Malcolm Gladwell to debate whether humankind''s best days lie ahead, "--Amazon.com.

“Mr. Ridley’s best and most important work to date…there is something profoundly democratic and egalitarian—even anti-elitist—in this bottom-up approach: Everyone can have a role in bringing about change.” —Wall Street Journal The New York Times bestselling author of The Rational Optimist and Genome returns with a fascinating argument for evolution that definitively dispels a dangerous, widespread myth: that we can command and control our world Human society evolves. Change in technology, language, morality, and society is incremental, inexorable, gradual, and spontaneous. It follows a narrative, going from one stage to the next, and it largely happens by trial and error—a version of natural selection. Much of the human world is the result of human action but not of human design: it emerges from the interactions of millions, not from the plans of a few. Drawing on fascinating evidence from science, economics, history, politics, and philosophy, Matt Ridley demolishes conventional assumptions that the great events and trends of our day are dictated by those on high. On the contrary, our most important achievements develop from the bottom up. The Industrial Revolution, cell phones, the rise of Asia, and the Internet were never planned; they happened. Languages emerged and evolved by a form of natural selection, as did common law. Torture, racism, slavery, and pedophilia—all once widely regarded as acceptable—are now seen as immoral despite the decline of religion in recent decades. In this wide-ranging, erudite book, Ridley brilliantly makes the case for evolution, rather than design, as the force that has shaped much of our culture, our technology, our minds, and that even now is shaping our future. This ambitious history of ideas uncovers the evolutionary story behind human society: Spontaneous Order: A groundbreaking argument that the human world is the result of human action, but not of human design—a concept that changes how we see everything. The Evolution of Morality: A fascinating look at how our ideas of right and wrong were not handed down from on high but emerged from social interaction, just like language and common law. Cultural Evolution: A wide-ranging exploration drawing on science, economics, and philosophy to show how society changes incrementally and inexorably from the ground up. Bottom-Up Technology: The surprising history of our most important achievements, from the Industrial Revolution to the Internet, revealing how they were never planned—they just happened.

“Ridley leaps from chromosome to chromosome in a handy summation of our ever increasing understanding of the roles that genes play in disease, behavior, sexual differences, and even intelligence. . . . . He addresses not only the ethical quandaries faced by contemporary scientists but the reductionist danger in equating inheritability with inevitability.” — The New Yorker The genome''s been mapped. But what does it mean? Matt Ridley’s Genome is the book that explains it all: what it is, how it works, and what it portends for the future Arguably the most significant scientific discovery of the new century, the mapping of the twenty-three pairs of chromosomes that make up the human genome raises almost as many questions as it answers. Questions that will profoundly impact the way we think about disease, about longevity, and about free will. Questions that will affect the rest of your life. Genome offers extraordinary insight into the ramifications of this incredible breakthrough. By picking one newly discovered gene from each pair of chromosomes and telling its story, Matt Ridley recounts the history of our species and its ancestors from the dawn of life to the brink of future medicine. From Huntington''s disease to cancer, from the applications of gene therapy to the horrors of eugenics, Ridley probes the scientific, philosophical, and moral issues arising as a result of the mapping of the genome. It will help you understand what this scientific milestone means for you, for your children, and for humankind.

“Bracingly intelligent, lucid, balanced—witty, too. . . . A scrupulous and charming look at our modern understanding of genes and experience.” — Oliver Sacks Armed with extraordinary new discoveries about our genes, acclaimed science writer Matt Ridley turns his attention to the nature-versus-nurture debate in a thoughtful book about the roots of human behavior. Ridley recounts the hundred years'' war between the partisans of nature and nurture to explain how this paradoxical creature, the human being, can be simultaneously free-willed and motivated by instinct and culture. With the decoding of the human genome, we now know that genes not only predetermine the broad structure of the brain, they also absorb formative experiences, react to social cues, and even run memory. They are consequences as well as causes of the will.

Between 1953 and 1966, scientist Francis Crick led a revolution in biology by discovering, quite literally, the secret of life: the genetic code. Crick, who died in 2004 at the age of 88, will be remembered as one of the most influential scientists in history, but little is known about his life outside of the laboratory. Science writer Matt Ridley, author of the national bestseller Genome, presents the most complete, in-depth portrait of Crick available today. Ridley’s comprehensive work follows Crick from his childhood in the English Midlands to a lackluster education and six years designing magnetic mines for the Royal Navy, to his leap into biology at the age of thirty-one and its astonishing consequences. In the process, Ridley illuminates the life and ideas of the man who forever changed our world and how we understand it. Matt Ridley’s books have been shortlisted for six literary awards, including the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Genome. His book The Agile Gene was named best science book published in 2003 by The National Academies of Science. He is a visiting professor at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York. He lives in Newcastle, England. “Matt Ridley’s Francis Crick perceptively and warmly recounts the extraordinary life of the 20th century’s most important biologist.” — James D. Watson

For two hundred years the pessimists have dominated public discourse, insisting that things will soon be getting much worse. But in fact, life is getting better—and at an accelerating rate. Food availability, income, and life span are up; disease, child mortality, and violence are down all across the globe. Africa is following Asia out of poverty; the Internet, the mobile phone, and container shipping are enriching people''s lives as never before. In his bold and bracing exploration into how human culture evolves positively through exchange and specialization, bestselling author Matt Ridley does more than describe how things are getting better. He explains why. An astute, refreshing, and revelatory work that covers the entire sweep of human history—from the Stone Age to the Internet—The Rational Optimist will change your way of thinking about the world for the better.

Following his highly praised and bestselling book Genome: The Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters, Matt Ridley has written a brilliant and profound book about the roots of human behavior. Nature via Nurture explores the complex and endlessly intriguing question of what makes us who we are. In February 2001 it was announced that the human genome contains not 100,000 genes, as originally postulated, but only 30,000. This startling revision led some scientists to conclude that there are simply not enough human genes to account for all the different ways people behave: we must be made by nurture, not nature. Yet again biology was to be stretched on the Procrustean bed of the nature-nurture debate. Matt Ridley argues that the emerging truth is far more interesting than this myth. Nurture depends on genes, too, and genes need nurture. Genes not only predetermine the broad structure of the brain, they also absorb formative experiences, react to social cues, and even run memory. They are consequences as well as causes of the will. Published fifty years after the discovery of the double helix of DNA, Nature via Nurture chronicles a revolution in our understanding of genes. Ridley recounts the hundred years'' war between the partisans of nature and nurture to explain how this paradoxical creature, the human being, can be simultaneously free-willed and motivated by instinct and culture. Nature via Nurture is an enthralling,up-to-the-minute account of how genes build brains to absorb experience.

If, as Darwin suggests, evolution relentlessly encourages the survival of the fittest, why are humans compelled to live in cooperative, complex societies? In this fascinating examination of the roots of human trust and virtue, a zoologist and former American editor of the Economist reveals the results of recent studies that suggest that self-interest and mutual aid are not at all incompatible. In fact, he points out, our cooperative instincts may have evolved as part of mankind''s natural selfish behavior—by exchanging favors we can benefit ourselves as well as others.Brilliantly orchestrating the newest findings of geneticists, psychologists, and anthropologists, The Origins of Virtue re-examines the everyday assumptions upon which we base our actions towards others, whether in our roles as parents, siblings, or trade partners. With the wit and brilliance of The Red Queen, his acclaimed study of human and animal sexuality, Matt Ridley shows us how breakthroughs in computer programming, microbiology, and economics have given us a new perspective on how and why we relate to each other.

Sex is as fascinating to scientists as it is to the rest of us. A vast pool of knowledge, therefore, has been gleaned from research into the nature of sex, from the contentious problem of why the wasteful reproductive process exists at all, to how individuals choose their mates and what traits they find attractive. This fascinating book explores those findings, and their implications for the sexual behaviour of our own species. It uses the Red Queen from ‘Alice in Wonderland’ – who has to run at full speed to stay where she is – as a metaphor for a whole range of sexual behaviours. The book was shortlisted for the 1994 Rhone-Poulenc Prize for Science Books. ‘Animals and plants evolved sex to fend off parasitic infection. Now look where it has got us. Men want BMWs, power and money in order to pair-bond with women who are blonde, youthful and narrow-waisted ... a brilliant examination of the scientific debates on the hows and whys of sex and evolution’ Independent.